Antibiotics

Defination An antibiotic is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. So often called as antibacterials.

History The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman. Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

Alexander Fleming

Why we use antibiotics?? Antibiotics are use to treat infection caused by bacteria and protoza. Such as :- Illness. Stomach infection.

Classification on the basis of action bactericidal bacteriostatic It kills bacteria directly. For ex. Penicillin, monobactams, daptomycin, nitrofurantion, cephalosporin, vancomycin, It prevents them from dividing. For ex. Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erthryomycin, trimethoprim

Antibiotics Dose – dependent Time – dependent Antibiotic effect directly depends on their concentration in the locus of inflammation. High dose 1 -2 times/24 hour. Ex. Aminoglycosides Effectiveness depends upon a period of time, during which concentration in blood overwhelms MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) for a particular causative agent Ex. Beta- lactames

Antibiotics

Principles to choose Presence of substantiated indications for prescription of an antibiotic. Choosing of the most effective and the least toxic drug, in time administration Introduction of optimal doses with optimal frequency, taking into consideration complexity of the disease Estimation of duration of treatment Control after treatment Monitoring and prophylaxis of negative side effects

Side effects Adverse effects are fever and nausea Including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis Major are allergic reactions

Antibiotic There are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol should be avoided completely, because of serious side-effects. So its sensible to avoid it.

Antibiotics Penicillin G Telethromycin Brand name - Pentids Used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease Chemical formula - C16H18N2O4S Brand name – Ketek Used for the treatment of Pneumonia Chemical formula - C43H65N5O10

Penicillium G

Telethromycin

Submitted to – Divyajyoti sir Submitted by – harmanpreet kaur(2951) shonam(2911) lavishA(2961) ZOOLOGY 1ST YEAR 1ST SECTION