disunion

The Compromise 1.California = free state 2.Mexican Cession = Utah and New Mexico w/pop.sovereignty 3.Texas western border and debts settled 4.Slave trade ends in D.C. 5.Fugitive Slave Act 6.Taylor NO but Fillmore YES

Fugitive Slave Law South’s part of Comp. of 1850 Aka. “Bloodhound Bill” and “Man Stealing Law” 1.Fed. Commissioners … warrants, posses, compel citizens to aid in capture (fine or imprisonment) 2.Comm. paid $5 if freed $10 sent … 3.No jury or testify in own defense

Reaction … Clay gets credit for saving Union! Underground Railroad heats up Boston … “went to bed…old fashion, conservative, compromise Union Whigs waked and waked stark mad Abolitionists!” Personal liberty laws Uncle Tom’s CabinStowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin

How much of a difference? William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator 1831 “I am in earnest …I will be heard.” American Colonization Society (1816) … Liberia … 1840 …93% northern free blacks legally disenfranchised The more escaping North brought increasing white fear and racism. So importance of Stowe’ writing?

expansionism For Country or the South? William Walker’s escapades 1850 Clayton-Bulwar Treaty Ostend Manifesto Perry and Japan 1852

Kansas-Nebraska act 1854 Stephen Douglas is “the Little Giant” Transcontinental RR Gadsden Purchase LA Territory=2 parts 1.Nebraska&Kansas 2.Popular sovereignty

Bleeding Kansas New England Emigrant Aid Co census 2slaves/107,000 KN 1855 Missouri Border Ruffians 2 governments 1.Topeka 2.Lecompton …Constitution “with or without” vote 3.Democrats split

1856 Lawrence Massacre Beecher’s Bibles John Brown Pottawatomie Creek “bleeding Congress” Charles Sumner’s “Crime Against Kansas” speech Preston Brooks

1856 election Dems look for someone kansasless James Buchanan #15 Vs. Republican (free soil not abolitionists) John Fremont Vs. Know-Nothings’ Fillmore (WASPs)

Dred Scott v Sanford Since he was a slave … he was not a citizen … hence he could not file lawsuit 2.Slave is property (5 th amend) 3.Congress could NOT outlaw slavery in a territory … only state legislature could

Lincoln – Douglas Debates 1858 Illinois US Senate election Douglas, seasoned national pol. Lincoln, lackluster pol. career “House Divided Speech” Freeport Doctrine Finally the issues debated but …

Harpers Ferry 1859 VA (now W.VA) Federal arsenal Disastrous failure Trial= insanity? = guilty = hung = martyrdom South appalled

1860 Election Dems split completely 1.John Breckinridge (KY) S 2.Stephen Douglas (IL) N Republican Abe Lincoln Constitutional Union Party John Bell (TN)

Worst Case Scenerio Population the key Perceptions vs. reality SC’s “duty” call Crittendon Compromise last chance Secession begins, Dec. 20, 1860 Feb., ’61 Jeff Davis “President”