 California a Free State  New Mexico Terr. – slavery allowed  Slave trade banned in D.C.  Stronger Fugitive Slave law  Taylor as President followed by Fillmore

 All citizens must help catch runaway slaves.  If you aided a runaway, you would be fined/punished.

 Abandoned the Missouri Compromise  Slavery in territories would be determined by popular sovereignty (people would vote)  Pierce as President.

 Pro slavery and anti slavery forces arm themselves in response to the “fixed” elections.  Conflict over slavery erupts in a violent civil war!  Violence erupts in Congress!!!

 Landmark Court Case –  Supreme Court rules that Congress has no power to rule on slavery in territories!  According to the 5 th Amendment, Congress is prohibited from taking property, and slaves are property.  Dred Scott is a slave and therefore is NOT a citizen, and does NOT have rights! (Cannot sue for his freedom)

 Debated 7 times  Slavery is the main topic  Lincoln –Republican – took “middle road” view on slavery.  “A house divided cannot stand”  Douglas – use popular sovereignty to decide

 Organized antislavery movement, attempted to help free enslaved people, by arming them with ammunition from stolen from Harper’s Ferry arsenal.  Quickly put down by local citizens and federal troops.  John Brown becomes a martyr in the North  Conspiracy from Southern point of view.

 People voted along sectional lines (sectionalism)  N – Republican  S- Democratic