Analyze a primary source Analyze a primary source Describe the difficulties Describe the difficulties facing a “New Europe” facing a “New Europe”“New Europe”“New Europe” in the 1990s. in the 1990s.

Create a Venn diagram comparing the Serbian Concentration camp to those of Nazi Germany: Serbian Nazi

Boris Yeltsin

After the Fall of Communism: Characteristics a “NEW” Europe  Europe accepts capitalism = no longer a division between two political and economic systems.  Followed the lead of the United States.  Computer/Electronics Revolution helps lead to “globalization” of the world economy.  Western welfare states of France and Germany resisted these changes since socialist & labor parties remained STRONG.  Most countries undertook free elections and guaranteed basic civil liberties.  Authors Francis Fukuyama – “end of history” Francis Fukuyama – “end of history” James Cronin – “The World the Cold War Made” James Cronin – “The World the Cold War Made”

Examples of Changes  Recasting Russia 1992 Boris Yeltsin tries “shock therapy” for economy by ending price controls, privatizing industry Boris Yeltsin tries “shock therapy” for economy by ending price controls, privatizing industry. RESULT = prices increase 250%, production falls! RESULT = prices increase 250%, production falls! Many Russians lost savings, living standards fell. Many Russians lost savings, living standards fell new constitution gives Yeltsin more power and he brings in tanks to crush a Parliamentary mutiny AND in 1994 tries to crush rebellion in Chechnya new constitution gives Yeltsin more power and he brings in tanks to crush a Parliamentary mutiny AND in 1994 tries to crush rebellion in Chechnya. YeltsinPutin

Examples of Changes  Eastern Europe In Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary democratic reforms were successful, however, Romania and Bulgaria lagged behind. In Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary democratic reforms were successful, however, Romania and Bulgaria lagged behind. Czechoslovakia split peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in Czechoslovakia split peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic join NATO Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic join NATO in in Tragedy in Yugoslavia Tragedy in Yugoslavia After Tito’s death in 1980, nation fell into ethnic (not religious) divisions, began to divide…After Tito’s death in 1980, nation fell into ethnic (not religious) divisions, began to divide… 1991 President Slobodan Milosevic begins effort to create a “Greater Serbia” by using “ethnic cleansing” of other ethnic groups in Balkans.1991 President Slobodan Milosevic begins effort to create a “Greater Serbia” by using “ethnic cleansing” of other ethnic groups in Balkans.

Slobodan Milosevic “Greater Serbia” Civil War

Examples of Changes  Eastern Europe Tragedy in Yugoslavia Tragedy in Yugoslavia After Tito’s death in 1980, nation fell into ethnic (not religious) divisions, began to divide…After Tito’s death in 1980, nation fell into ethnic (not religious) divisions, began to divide… 1991 President Slobodan Milosevic begins effort to create a “Greater Serbia” by using “ethnic cleansing” of other ethnic groups in Balkans.1991 President Slobodan Milosevic begins effort to create a “Greater Serbia” by using “ethnic cleansing” of other ethnic groups in Balkans ethnic conflict broke out in Kosovo where Albanians strove for independence, Serbia resists, NATO begins bombings in 1999 to force Serbs out.1998 ethnic conflict broke out in Kosovo where Albanians strove for independence, Serbia resists, NATO begins bombings in 1999 to force Serbs out.bombings July, 2001 Serbs vote Milosovic out of office and new Serb government turns him over to War Crimes Trial Tribunal in the Netherlands.July, 2001 Serbs vote Milosovic out of office and new Serb government turns him over to War Crimes Trial Tribunal in the Netherlands.

Examples of Changes  Western Europe 1993 European Community created a single market known as the “European Union” European Community created a single market known as the “European Union”. Led to “Maastricht Treaty” to use a single currency in Europe by Led to “Maastricht Treaty” to use a single currency in Europe by 1999.

Challenges in the 21 st Century The Impact of Population Decline The Growth of Immigration Influx of refugees and illegal immigrants from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe raised new questions about European identity. Rising unemployment in Europe prompted governments there to halt immigration from North Africa and Turkey. In the 1990s, European governments accepted thousands of refugees from Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia,… Illegal immigration grew to be perhaps 500,000 annually. Russian organized crime responsible for “People Smuggling”. Immigration became a source of political conflict opposed due to job competition undermined cultural, ethnic, national unity French President Chirac passed laws in 2004 banning religious clothing/objects in French public schools.

Challenges in the 21 st Century Promoting Human Rights By 1990s European intellectuals viewed human rights as a new historic mission.

Challenges in the 21 st Century The Al-Qaeda Attack of 9/11/01 Following the attack, the U.S. led a military campaign to destroy the al-Qaeda network and the Taliban. The 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon was another wave of terrorism supported by Islamic Fundamentalists.

Challenges in the 21 st Century War in Iraq The United States invaded Iraq in March, 2003 and quickly overwhelmed the Iraqi army. June, 2004 the U.S. and Britain proclaimed a fully sovereign Iraqi government.

Which issue do you think is most significant to the world today and in the future? Explain why? FRONT OF ROOM GO to your corners… Population Immigration Human Rights Al-Qaeda Attack War in Iraq