General Business 704 Data Analysis for Managers Introduction The Course, Data, and Excel

Instructor/Class Info Kholid eFendi Class: Kholid eFendi Class:

Course Objectives n Master key terminology for data analysis n Understand key statistical concepts n Master the selection of appropriate statistical tools n Master the use of Excel for the calculation of statistics n Master the ability to interpret and explain the meaning of statistical findings n Have fun

Class Motto We will learn no statistic We will learn no statistic before its time Our focus is on making sense of managerial situations and questions through the use of statistics Our focus is on making sense of managerial situations and questions through the use of statistics

Course Topics n Data n Excel n Presenting & Describing Data n Estimation: Confidence Intervals n Hypothesis Testing n Simple Regression & Correlation n Multiple Regression n Bonus Session: Time Series, Forecasting, & Smoothing

Readings & Class Time n Reading Assignments l Ch. 4 & 5 review on your own l Ch. 10 covered in OIM 768: Quality Mgmt Ch. 1, 1S, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, & 9 overview l Ch. 11 & 12 covered in depth l Ch. 13 for reference purposes n Class Time l Lecture & Discussion l Demonstrations l Application Practice

AssignmentsAssignments n Homework l Demonstrate ability to do requested tasks n Individual & Team Cases l Demonstrate ability to: identify & apply appropriate tools; & interpret/explain findings n Team Project l Demonstrate ability to: develop good questions; identify appropriate data; identify & apply appropriate tools; & interpret/explain findings

ExamsExams n Exam #1 l Wednesday 9/23 l Covers material through Chapter 9 n Final Exam l Wednesday 10/21 l Covers all course material

GradingGrading ActivityPoints Homework #1 50 Homework #2 50 Homework #3 50 Individual Case #1 100 Individual Case #2 100 Team Case 100 Team Project 250 Exam #1 100 Final Exam 200 TOTAL POINTS1000 ActivityPoints Homework #1 50 Homework #2 50 Homework #3 50 Individual Case #1 100 Individual Case #2 100 Team Case 100 Team Project 250 Exam #1 100 Final Exam 200 TOTAL POINTS1000

Objectives: Data & Excel n Define statistics n Distinguish descriptive & inferential statistics n Summarize the sources of data n Describe the types of data & scales n Explain the types of samples n Describe survey process & errors n Discuss the use of Excel

Some Important Issues n Collecting data l e.g., Survey n Presenting data l e.g., Charts & tables n Characterizing data l e.g., Average Data Analysis Decision- Making © T/Maker Co. Why?

Application Areas Accounting Accounting l Auditing l Costing Finance Finance l Financial trends l Forecasting Management Management l Describe employees l Quality improvement Marketing Marketing l Consumer preferences l Marketing mix effects

Statistical Methods

Descriptive Statistics n Involves l Collecting data l Presenting data l Characterizing data n Purpose l Describe data X = 30.5 S 2 = 113 _ _

Inferential Statistics n Involves l Estimation l Hypothesis testing n Purpose l Make decisions about population characteristics Population?

n Population (universe) l All items of interest n Sample l Portion of population n Parameter l Summary measure about population n Statistic l Summary measure about sample Some Key Terms P in Population & ParameterP in Population & Parameter S in Sample & StatisticS in Sample & Statistic

Why Collect Data? n Obtain input to a research study n Measure performance n Assist in formulating decision alternatives n Satisfy curiosity l Knowledge for the sake of knowledge

Data Types

Data Type Examples n Numerical l Discrete s To how many magazines do you subscribe currently? ___ (Number) l Continuous s How tall are you? ___ (Inches) n Categorical s Do you own savings bonds? __ Yes __ No

n Interval scale l Equal intervals l No true 0 l e.g., Degrees Celsius l Measurement n Ratio scale l Equal intervals l True 0 l Meaningful ratios l e.g., Height in inches How Are Data Measured? n Nominal scale l Categories s e.g., Male-female l Count n Ordinal scale l Categories l Ordering implied s e.g., High-low l Count

Data Sources

n Collect data (field work) n Prepare data l Edit l Code n Analyze data n Interpret findings n Report results n Define purpose n Design questionnaire n Select sample design l Sample type l Sample size Basic Survey Steps

Questionnaire Design n Question content n Mode of response n Question wording n Question sequence n Layout n Pilot testing © T/Maker Co.

Why Sample? n Destruction of test units l Quality control n Accurate & reliable results n Pragmatic reasons l Time l Cost

Types of Samples

Simple Random Sample n Each population element has an equal chance of being selected n Selecting 1 subject does not affect selecting others n May use random number table, lottery, ‘fish bowl’ © T/Maker Co.

Random Number Table OR: Use Excel to generate random numbers

Types of Samples

Systematic Sample n Every kth element Is selected after a random start within the first k elements n Skip interval, k, is Population size Sample size n Used in telephone surveys © T/Maker Co.

Types of Samples

Stratified Sample n Divide population into subgroups l Mutually exclusive l Exhaustive l At least 1 common characteristic of interest n Select simple random samples from subgroups All Students Commuter s Residents Sample

Types of Samples

Cluster Sample n Divide population into clusters l If managers are elements then companies are clusters n Select clusters randomly n Survey all or a random sample of elements in cluster Companies (Clusters) Sample

Types of Samples

Nonprobability Samples n Judgment l Use experience to select sample l Example: Test markets n Quota l Similar to stratified sampling except no random sampling n Chunk (convenience) l Use elements most available

Errors Due to Sampling

The Use of Excel n Microsoft Excel 97 Windows/ 98 Mac n Graduate Lab has Excel 97 n Our analyses done with Excel 97/98 n Data disk with book for practice n Study Chapter 1S n Review update to 1S for Excel 97

Objectives: Data & Excel n Define statistics n Distinguish descriptive & inferential statistics n Summarize the sources of data n Describe the types of data & scales n Explain the types of samples n Describe survey process & errors n Discuss the use of Excel

Course Objectives n Master key terminology for data analysis n Understand key statistical concepts n Master the selection of appropriate statistical tools n Master the use of Excel for the calculation of statistics n Master the ability to interpret and explain the meaning of statistical findings n Have fun