Unit 3 Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes!

1. ECOLOGY ●study of organisms and their __________with their environment relationship

2. COMPETITION  two species ____ for a limited resource  resources include: food, water, shelter, and space fight

3. PREDATOR ●An organism that lives by ________on other organisms preying

4. ADAPTATION  anything that helps an organism survive AND __________  can be a physical trait or a behavior reproduce

5. EXTINCTION  when ____ members of species die  Example: _____________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ ALL many plants and insects Cuban spider monkey, blue pike (a fish),Passenger pigeons,

The Peppered Moth

6. MUTATION  a change in the ____ making up a gene (accidental and random!)  produces a new trait  new trait may or may not be beneficial to an organism DNA

7. CHARLES DARWIN visited __________ Island proposed the Theory of Natural Selection (below) Galapagos

8. NATURAL SELECTION  a process which takes a long time  Individual organisms that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more _____________ than less well adapted individuals. successfully

8. NATURAL SELECTION  Example: Finches (birds) on the Galapagos Islands. When there were many large seeds, birds with larger beaks survived and reproduced more than those with smaller beaks  Sometimes called “__________ of the fittest” survival

Video Questions 1.How did genetic mutations play a role in the fur color of the pocket mouse? 2.How did Natural Selection work to change the percentages of light and dark colored mice? 3.After scientists decoded the genes of the mice, what was something surprising that they noticed across a variety of dark colored mice?

9. INVASIVE SPECIES  a species that is _____ native to the area  competes with native species  many times has no natural predator in the new area NOT

10. SYMBIOSIS  a close relationship between species that benefits at least one of the species. There are three forms.  mutualism  both species benefit (_____)

commensalism  one species benefits; the other is neither helped nor harmed (_____) parasitism  one species lives on or inside another species and harms it (_____)

physical traits that help organisms survive and reproduce protective coloration – coloring ______ into the environment (_______________) 11. PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS blends camouflage

beak design – different beak shapes are suited for different __________ types (e.g. insects, nectar, etc.) food seed dispersal – seed design allows it to ________ to new locations (e.g. “helicopter” seeds; floating seeds, etc.) travel

pollination – mixes up genes (pollen with egg) creating ___________ in organisms diversity diurnal – physical characteristics suited for ___________ activities daytime nocturnal – physical characteristics suited for ___________ activities nighttime

endothermic – animal maintains a ___________ body temperature despite changes in the temperature of the environment (“warm-blooded”) – birds & mammals constant

ectothermic – animal maintains body temperature by getting ______ from its environment (“cold-blooded”) – all animals except birds & mammals heat

12. BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATIONS hibernation – animals become inactive in winter (metabolism slows to conserve energy during long periods of _____ temp and _____ food supply) low

estivation – animals become inactive in summer (metabolism slows to conserve energy during long periods of _____ temp and _____ water supply) high low

migration – seasonal movement of animals. Purposes of migration include: to stay _____, mate, find _____, give ______, and so on. warmfood birth

dormancy – plants enter a resting or __________ stage. No new growth appears. Many trees go dormant. inactive