Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution – Jeopardy 2 More DarwinSpeciationMore Evolution Evidence Mechanisms of Evolution Selection

Darwin did not use this term because he believed it always implied progress

What is Evolution?

Darwin observed these types of morphological structures that have similar elements and ancestral origin BUT may differ in function

What are Homologous Structures?

There are five key observations that provide the logic and mechanisms for evolution. One inference states that traits are inherited that give individuals this.

What is “a better chance of surviving and successfully reproducion?”

The key to Natural Selection lies in its ability to favour this.

What is Reproductive Success?

After his five year voyage on the HMS Beagle and collecting over 1,000 specimens, Darwin concluded this about traits

What is “…individuals exhibiting most favourable traits survive in greater numbers AND these traits are passed to their offspring?

This type of speciation occurs in populations in the same geographical areas diverge and become reproductively isolated

What is Sympatic Speciation?

It is the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species

What is Adaptive Radiation?

Speciation is based on the disruption of this within a population

What is “gene flow?”

A geographic barrier splits a population into two separate groups.

What is Allopatric Speciation?

A pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species diverge OR become increasingly distinct

What is Divergent Evolution?

The number of digits in the lower limb of a bat

What is five? The number of digits is similar to humans, frogs and horses. They look similar in structure, but they may be different in function

In populations, it is the number of offspring produced

What is “…more than the number of adults?”

Over long periods of geological time, it is what continents do

What is Drift (move)?

A fossil that shows the intermediary links between groups of organisms

What are Transitional Fossils?

Approximate date of the appearance of hominids in the fossil record

What is 7 million years ago?

This has nothing to do with age. Rather, it relates to reproductive success AND the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool

What is Fitness?

A feature that makes an individual more likely to survive in environmental conditions

What is an Adaptation?

Complete set of alleles contained within a species of a population

What is the Gene Pool?

Evolution of similar traits in distantly related species

What is Convergent Evolution?

The process in which one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species

What is Co-evolution?

In this selection type, there are two types of seeds for a population of birds to consume. Two different beak shapes -- sharp or blunt -- might be selected for (i.e., both beak shapes effectively allow the birds to feed). However, a beak that is the average of the two shapes might not be particularly good at eating either seed, so this trait would be selected against.

What is Disruptive Selection?

Selection that works against the two extremes of a trait to make the population more uniform (i.e., favours an intermediate phenotype). For example, birth weight of human babies is maintained at an intermediate weight because babies that are too big or too small have less chance of being born healthy.

What is Stabilizing Selection?

This type of section, common during periods of environmental change, selects the extreme of one trait. For example in a population of plants, flowers with the brightest colour might be selected for to attract the more pollinators.

What is Directional Selection?

Also called diversifying selection, this selection favours the extreme phenotypes over an intermediate phenotype

What is Disruptive Selection?

Natural selection in the mating breed, in general, on competition between males and choices of females

What is Sexual Selection?