Page 160. Daily Question  At which type of plate boundary would you find mafic igneous rocks? Explain  Would the rocks be basalt, gabbro, or could both.

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Page 160

Daily Question  At which type of plate boundary would you find mafic igneous rocks? Explain  Would the rocks be basalt, gabbro, or could both rock types occur? Explain

Plate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks Fig. 6.6

Ophiolite Complex Oceanic Crust Marine Sediment Pillow Basalts Sheeted Dikes Gabbro

Pillow Basalts in the Ocean

Pillow Basalts on the Continents

Sheeted Dikes

Gabbro

Plate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks Fig. 6.6

Cinder Cones  Built from ejected lava fragments  Have steep slopes (controlled by angle of repose – the steepest angle at which material remains stable)  Small – 300 m (1000 ft) high, 2 km in diameter

Composite Cones - Stratovolcano  Most encircle the pacific ocean (ring of fire) as part of magmatic arcs  Large – ~1 km high, km wide  Symmetrical structure  Composed of alternating lava flows and pyroclastic deposits  Product of high viscosity magma  Have violent eruptions Mount Rainer

Plate Tectonics and Igneous Rocks Fig. 6.6

Hot Spots

 Produced by rising plume of mantle material (mantle plume)  They are stationary – plates move over the hotspots

 Basalts produced by hot spots are chemically different from basalts produced at MOR

Hot Spot Example – Island Chains

Island Chain Formation

Hot Spot Under Hawaii  Notice linear layout of islands  Could determine plate movement rate for data  Island continually being formed

Shield Volcanoes  Broad, slightly domed strucutre  Large structure 9 km (~6 miles) high & 50 km (~30 miles) wide  Produced by fluid (low viscosity) lava  Example: Mauna Loa, Kilauea, other island chains

Shield Volcanoes

Volcano Size Comparison

Hot Spot Example – Continental  Yellowstone

Continental Hot Spot Mechanics

Volcanism and Continental Hot Spots