Chris Booth World History 9 EFFECTS OF NATIONALISM & LIBERALISM IN 19 TH CENTURY EUROPE CHAPTER 24

 Start this immediately when the bell rings on a separate sheet of paper.  Q. What is a good American? Explain what that means and give me an example… CONNECTOR

p. 680 in text 1.What values and goals of your new country do you want to show? 2.Will your symbols represent your country’s past or future? 2 ND CONNECTOR

 Shared traditions, customs, heritage, language, religion,…  Those ideas that separate one group of people from another…shared identity  Pride in who you are, where you’re from WHAT IS NATIONALISM?

 Representative governments  Constitutions  Rights of the people WHAT DO LIBERALS WANT? What do nationalists want? An independent country of their own Self-determination

“When France sneezed, the rest of Europe caught cold” Prince Klemen von Metternich

 Cause of many revolutions  Successful:  Greece, 1829 (Independence from Ottoman Empire)  Belgium, 1830 Must remain neutral  Unsuccessful  1830s: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented)  1848: Italy, Germany, Austria (disorganized and fragmented)  Crushed by the Concert of Europe  Weakened Empires  Austria becomes Austria-Hungary (Dual Monarchy) or the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Separated at end of WWI)  Ottoman Empire loses the Balkan Peninsula and parts of North Africa (Dissolved after WWI-only Turkey remains)  Causes Empires to become even more autocratic  Russia: Russification, pograms aimed at Jews NATIONALISM IN 19 TH CENTURY EUROPE

Otto von Bismarck-Conservative Junker – “iron and blood” Chancellor? – Ignored Parliament & Constitution and fought wars – Three wars 1.Denmark-win border provinces 2.Austria (Seven Weeks War) Superior training and equipment 3.France (Franco-Prussian War) Why? Southern Germans were Catholics and made France look bad – Industrialization – Heavy industry and railroads. Q. What did this create? – Wealth for government and for people Kaiser Wilhelm I of Prussia Named Emperor of Second Reich. What was first? Holy Roman Empire. What was third? The Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

 Count Camillo de Cavour  Prime Minister of Sardinia - SUCCESS 1.Industrialized to keep up with the rest of Europe 2.Expanded Empire through war with Austria 1.Gained Lombardy in North  Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Red Shirts 1.Unified southern Italy and Sicily 2.Joined forces with Cavour 3.Unified Venice, Rome, and Papal States  Pope demanded that Vatican City be totally independent of Italy  Italy becomes a constitutional monarchy  Victor Emmanuel II UNIFICATION OF ITALY

Push: – When a region, empire, country has many ethnic groups who are forced to “live together” rivalries may occur Voice in the government “haves” vs. “have-nots” – economic strength Prejudices, discrimination, scapegoats... – Can tear a region apart Pull – When common goals are present within an ethnic group, nationalism can draw people to cooperate with each other to achieve those goals – Common threat, natural disasters PUSH-PULL FACTORS OF NATIONALISM

1.What are the top 3 reasons you believe Italy and Germany unified their countries?  Nationalism – shared culture, history, language, etc  Industrialization – Creates wealth  Strong leadership and partnership with other leaders in country 2.How can nationalism be both a unifying force and a disunifying force?  Unifying – unite people of same ethnic group, same beliefs  Disunifying – separate people along ethnic lines, cause persecution of certain groups REVIEW

EUROPE IN 1871