The good, the bad and the crazy

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The good, the bad and the crazy THE ROMAN EMPERORS The good, the bad and the crazy

AUGUSTUS’ REIGN (31 BC – 14 AD) Absolute power in Roman emperor Always tried to avoid appearing like he had “too much power” Preferred to be called “princeps” or “first citizen”

AUGUSTUS’ ACHIEVEMENTS Praetorian Guard – Secret Service Fair treatment through out the empire in taxes & citizenship Established a civil service to enhance the workings of government Encouraged religion, to strengthen morality Beautified Rome “found it in brick and left it in marble”

TIBERIUS (14 AD – 37 AD) Suspicious Unpopular because he spent little money on public games Good administrator and economist Became old and senile Smothered to death

GAIUS “CALIGULA” (37 AD – 41 AD) Unbalanced nephew of Tiberius Tried to make his horse a senator Murdered by a member of the Praetorian Guard

CLAUDIUS (41 AD – 54 AD) Uncle of Caligula An excellent organizer Served poisoned mushrooms by his fourth wife

NERO (54 AD – 68 AD) Son of Claudius Killed his own mother (tried to poison, drowning, then just had her executed) Considered a tyrant Ordered assassination of real and imagined enemies Supposedly fiddled as Rome burnt Blamed the fire on the Christians and persecuted them Committed suicide, had a companion stab him

CIVIL WAR (68 CE -69 CE) Four men: Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian all struggle for power

VESPASIAN (69 AD – 79 AD) Most famous for sacking Jerusalem, destroying the Temple, and dispersing the Jews in 70 CE

TITUS (79 CE – 81 CE) Very popular Ruled during the destruction of Pompeii Finished the construction of the Coliseum

NERVA (96 CE – 98 CE) Elected emperor by the Senate Began tradition of the present ruler finding and adopting the “best man” and making him successor

HADRIAN (117 CE – 138 CE) Built walls in Scotland & along the Rhine River to contain the Barbarians Finished the Pantheon – temple to all gods

THE PANTHEON

MARCUS AURELIUS (161CE–180 CE) Defended the empire against barbarians Plague killed ¼ of the Republic population Strong leader

COMMODUS (180 CE – 192 CE) Son of Marcus Aurelius Unfit, broke the tradition of “best man” Fought in the gladiatorial contests Poor ruler

LATE EMPIRE For the next 300 years, we will witness the decline of the Empire After Commodus, the throne was up for auction 192 – 193 several men tried to gain power by buying loyalty of different armies

CONSTANTINE Ruled from 305 – 337 Became a Christian, after a vision Passed the Edict of Milan in 313 which granted religious toleration Moved capital to Constantinople

END OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE 410 Huns sack Rome 455 Vandals sack Rome 476 Romulus Augustus the last Western Roman Emperor is replaced by a German barbarian chieftain This event marks the Fall of the Roman Empire

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