Proposed Joint Research Activity: Technologies for Advanced Instrumentation Colin Cunningham

Need for R&D aimed at Instruments for VLT and the European ELT As we move into the ELT era, there are significant challenges for ELT instruments and the next generation of instruments which will use the 8-10m telescopes to support the E-ELT Instruments defined by the European and North American ELT studies tend to be large and ambitious We must ensure that technologies are proven before they are adopted for these high-cost instruments

AO & Instrument R&D Flow

Basis We propose to base the R&D and Networking activity on the successful FP6 JRAs: –JRA3 Fast Detectors –JRA5 Smart Focal Planes –JRA6 VPH Gratings –And add technologies identified and prioritised by Opticon KTN Aim: –Develop and prove technologies required by next generation 8-10m telescope instruments and the European ELT We suggest that this programme is set up in an inclusive manner, and includes those proposals directly relevant to instrumentation

Structure Network –Including Industry Joint Development programme –With overall budget and capability to move money between activities depending on progress and influences from telescope and instrument programmes and technology roadmap Instrument test beds and facilities –Labs –WHT –AAO –GTC –VLT

Instrument Technologies Network Subset of Key Technologies Network Develop Roadmap Generate project teams Make proposals for joint developments Publicise and work with other partners –Industry –Other research sectors

Instrument test beds and facilities Develop common access to facilities for –Laboratory: optical, detector performance, materials at cryogenic temperatures, mechanical testing –On sky testing: Adaptive Optics, ADC, telescope interaction Using facilities at William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, Anglo Australian Telescope, VLT and GTC

Technology Development and Instrument Design Studies We propose to learn from the Smart Focal Plane JRA and the ELT Instrument Design Studies Must ensure technology requirements and developments are specifically linked to the ELT instrument design studies and Science requirements Structure with common PI and overlapping management teams would facilitate this Systems engineering key component to ensure solid link of technology to requirements and clear goals for Technology Readiness Levels

Technology Themes Smart Focal Planes Adaptive Optics as part of the instrument (icw AO WPs) –MOAO –Cryogenic AO –Extreme Adaptive Optics for Exo Planets This topic is part of the AO proposal – we must ensure that a sensible joint approach is taken to ensure that the relevant AO and instrument expertise is engaged Photonics Detectors Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules Instrument Structures

Work Breakdown

Status of proposal Objectives being developed through KTN technology roadmapping consultation process and ELT Design Studies Large range of requirements and objectives proposed Now need to cost and prioritise based on scientific priorities for future 8-10m instruments and the E- ELT instrument suite Presentation here is outline of programme – detail will be developed over the summer as the E-ELT instrument programme is defined by the ESO project office, the Design Study teams and the community working groups

Theme1: Smart Focal Planes Scope – take successful development work and prototypes from FP6 programme and build integrated demonstrator instrument Objectives –Based on Instrument concept studies for E-ELT or VLT etc – as successfully done in FP6 Smart Focal Planes Partners from UK ATC, LAM, Durham, CSEM, ASTRON, AAO, IAC, ESO etc Contractors: Reflex, Cost ~ €3M, similar to FP6

AAO13 Current Status: Smart Focal Planes Make best use of available wide FoV by multiobject and integral field spectroscopy Provide alternative to fibre systems for cryogenic instruments

Multi-object Spectroscopy

MOMFIS - LAM15 Multi-object Spectroscopy Options: –Pickoffs feeding Integral Field Units and spectrometers –Slit exchangers or reconfigurable slits –Fibre positioners

UK ATC16 KMOS for VLT

UK ATC, CSEM, Astron AAO 17 Starbugs & Starpicker

Cryogenic Active Mirror

Smart Instrument Suite

NASA Goddard - JWST NIRSPEC20 Programmable Slit Spectrometers: Shutter arrays

Programmable slits in Europe Principle of the micro-mirror array See Zamkotsian et al.,  Long slit mode Tilt accuracy: < 1 arcmin  Surface quality < 15nm PtV 100 x 200µm

JWST MIRI Image slicer

Replication of Slicers Replication opens up the possibility of slicers that are low cost, consistent quality, reliably and quickly produced, with rms error down to 10nm A programme of work is currently underway within the Smart Focal Planes programme to achieve this

Smart Focal Planes – next steps Pick-off systems and beam manipulation –System integration –Verification of performance –Reliability engineering –Concept development –Technology Trade-off: Starbugs / Starpicker –Wireless starbugs –Integrated photonic modules Integral Field Units – image slicers –Monolithic structures Improved surface finish Alternative materials Replication- improved shape fidelity and finish

Smart Focal Planes – next steps Slit Mechanisms –Develop 5x5 mirror prototype with drive electronics –Build simple demonstrator instrument –Develop and evaluate science case for slit-based IR spectrometer for ELT Interest from chair of ELT Science working group

Smart Focal Plane & MOAO Demonstrator We should develop a joint proposal with the AO team for an instrument based on Smart Focal Planes and Multi-Object Adaptive Optics So far none of these technologies are proven by on-sky demonstrators

Theme2: Photonics Scope: –Fibres Photonics Fibres for thermal IR Fibre Bragg Gratings for OH Suppression –Filters for OH Suppression –Photonic Instrument module concepts and tests –Laser combs for calibration of high stability, high spectral resolution spectrometers Partners: AAO, LAM, UK ATC, Durham, ESO Cost ~ €2M

Bland-Hawthorn, AAO28 Photonic OH Suppression Aims: To suppress the OH/O 2 night sky emission at 98% or better over z, J, H bands To achieve this at high throughput (fibre insertion losses less than 10%) Bland-Hawthorn (AAO)

Needs conversion from MM to SM with taper transition Bland-Hawthorn (2005)

FBG takes out 96% of OH background JH Bland-Hawthorn et al (2004)

Theme 3: Detectors Scope: –Low cost HgCdTe on silicon –Fast APDs and CCDs Partners: RAL/Oxford, QinetiQ, E2V, UK ATC, ESO, LOAG, MPE Costs: need detailed evaluation on what could be done at reasonable cost

Theme 4: Optical Elements & Spectrometer modules Scope: VPH gratings, immersion gratings, CGH devices, Large filter mosaics, ADCs, modular spectrometer designs Partners: INAF, Industry, UK ATC, CRAL, Oxford etc Cost ? See presentation by Filippo Zerbi

Theme 5: Instrument Structures Scope: Novel structural and optical materials, Active structures, internal metrology Partners: IAC, LAM, UK ATC, industry Cost; TBD

Stage-gate process

Access: Instrument test beds and facilities Labs –Material properties at Cryogenic temperatures Mechanical, thermal, optical Some funding in place in Scottish Universities Physics Alliance –Detectors –Mechanism cryogenic test WHT –AO and Instrument test bed AAO –Instrument test bed – via Director’s discretionary time GTC?, VLT? Partners: UK ATC, Glasgow, ASTRON, IAC, Amsterdam Cost: TBD

Management Structure PI – Colin Cunningham (also WPM for ELT DS Instrument studies and chair of ESO Instrumentation Working Group) Deputy – Sandro D’Odorico ? Project Manager - TBD Systems Engineer - TBD

Instrument Technologies: ROM Summary ToolsActivitiesEligible cost Cost funded by EC Conceptual Design & Demonstrators ELT Smart Multiobject MOA Instrument, Smart MOS instrument €9m €4m Enabling TechnologiesStarbugs, Sit mechanisms, Image Slicers, detectors, VPH, Photonics €16m €10m NetworkingWorkshops€0.5m AccessCryogenic Test Facility€3m €2m Totals€28.5m €16.5