Infectious Diseases Disease caused by the living pathogens within the body pathogens (organisms that cause diseases) Pathogens damage cell

Four Major Pathogen Groups: Bacteria: Viruses: Fungi: includes molds and yeast Protists: Infects the blood

How Pathogens Spread Infected People Soil: Food Water Contaminated Objects Infected Animals

Body’s Defenses (Barriers) The following barriers trap and kill most pathogens: Skin: Contains destructive chemicals in the oil and sweat. Breathing Passages: Mucus and Cilia trap pathogens Mouth & Stomach: Saliva and Stomach acids

When pathogens Survive Barriers Inflammatory Response Fluid and White blood cells begin to fight the pathogen. Causes Inflammation of blood vessels and Fever White blood cells released from blood vessels White blood cell involved is the phagocyte. Phagocyte: engulf pathogens and break them down.

Third Line of Defense against pathogens Immune System Third Line of Defense against pathogens Targets each kind of pathogen with white blood cells called lymphocytes. Two types of Lymphocytes: T-Cells – Identifies pathogen using antigens markers designed to recognize the pathogen B-Cells – produce proteins called antibodies that destroy pathogens.

ACTIVITY DRAW HOW A T-CELL RECOGNIZES AN INVADING VIRUS. Make sure to label all steps. Hint use figure 7 Add color Page 501

Preventing Infectious Disease Through Active and Passive Immunity Immunity: is the ability of an organism to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease.

Active Immunity When an affective person own immune system produces antibodies in response to a pathogen. Long lasting Antibodies are produced through vaccination/immunization. Vaccination: is the process by which harmless antigens are deliberately introduced into an organism. Vaccine: substance used in the vaccination and consist of weakened pathogens.

PASSIVE IMMUNITY Results when antibodies are given to a person. The antibodies that fight a pathogen come from a source other than the organisms body. The antibodies only last a few months.

When you do get sick A Bacterial infection can be treated by antibiotic. Antibiotic: is a chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth. There is no treatment for viral illness but rest.

Summarize Summarize infectious Diseases and how organisms fight against them.

Noninfectious Disease Noninfectious Disease: are diseases not caused by pathogens in the body. They are not transmitted from person to person.

What are the three top noninfectious diseases? Allergies Diabetes Cancer

Allergies: Allergy: is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance. An allergy develops in response to various foreign substances that set off a series of reactions in the body. Allergen: any substance that causes an allergy.

Allergies continued: Histamine: is a chemical that is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy. Some allergic reactions can create a condition called asthma. Asthma is a disorder in which the respiratory passages narrow.

What is Diabetes? Diabetes: is when either the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or the body’s cells fail to properly use insulin. Insulin: enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy. A person with diabetes has a high level of glucose in the blood, but not enough in their cells.

What are the effects of diabetes? Lose weight Feel weak Hungry all the time Frequent urination Blindness Kidney failure Heart disease

What are the types of Diabetes? Usually begins in childhood/early adulthood Pancreas produces little or no insulin Requires insulin injections Type 2 Develops during adulthood Pancreas does not make enough insulin Control through diet, weight control and exercise

Cancer develops from tumors. Cancer is caused by carcinogens. What is Cancer? Cancer: is a disease in which cells multiply uncontrollably, destroying healthy tissue. Cancer develops from tumors. Tumor: an abnormal tissue mass Cancer is caused by carcinogens. Carcinogens: substances or factors in the environment that cause cancer (cigarette smoke, UV rays)

Introduction of R.A.F.T. Project