Unit 5: Ancient Rome Ch 6

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Roman Gods Types of Gods: Numina, Lares, Penates Myths and Their Affects on Social Values How they were worshipped: Religious leaders (Augurs) and practices (laraniums and haru spicy) The Affects of Religion on Government and Society: Theocracy and Syncretism

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Natives to Northern Italy Known for metal work, engineering skills, and their dark religion Helped shape city into full potential Connected Rome to everywhere else and improved agriculture

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Kings to Democracy Etruscan kings become corrupt Civil war breaks out: Romans vs. Etruscans Romans win, swear never to have a king again Now citizens will vote in elections

 The Roman Republic  Social classes of Rome: the Patricians and Plebeians.  The two Consuls: Judges that serve for one year with a large amount of power.  The Assembly: A branch of government controlled by Plebeians.  The Senate: 300 members were the advisors, and ran the tax industry.

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Weakening of Republic Gap between rich and poor grows Senate becomes corrupt Plebeians revolt and cause civil war Important people are strong military leaders

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Ides of March It was unclear if Julius knew of any plot to murder him on March 15, but he was not oblivious to the dangers of that day. Brutus, one of the leaders in The Liberators conspiracy group and also a deceitful friend of Julius’. Brutus killed Caesar due to jealousy and the fear of Caesar wiping out the Republic. His murder had a huge impact on Rome and eventually led to Rome’s Empire and Republic collapsing.

Augustus Adopted by Julius Caesar, First Roman Emperor. Brought 40 years of peace to Rome. Went down in history for determination and perseverance. Dies at 76, Became a God.

Tiberius and Caligula Tiberius becoming heir Caligula’s strives Their connection Tiberius’ reign

Nero Nero was the fifth emperor of the Roman empire, he reduced taxes, banned capital punishment, and allowed slaves to sue unjust owners. Nero’s kindness was mostly a facade, he killed innocent people at random, and seducing married women later in hid reign. His relationship with his own mother later worsened from her harsh, and controlling treatment in past. After attempting to kill her subtly and failing, he sent soldiers to kill her. For his evil deeds, Nero was declared public enemy by the senate. He ran away and killed himself so no one else could.

Constantine I “Edict of Milan” Power hunger Chose Constantinople as Capital of Roman Empire Attacked Franks for more land

Pompeii Pompeii, a city near Naples of Italy Mt. Vesuvius erupted near Pompeii Archeologists have found body casts of humans and animals A man Pliny witnessed the disaster

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Colosseum Very expensive and large Constructed for entertainment purposes Events held in it were linked to Christianity Destroyed three times: two lightning strikes and an earthquake; reconstructed each time

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Roman Contributions Language (Latin) Apian Way: road system  Connected the whole empire Aqueducts: water transportation  Gave running water to all of Rome Sewage: Cloaca Maxima  Still works, sends runoff to Tiber River  Roman Forum (all gov’t) Concrete: waterproof  Built permanent piers and bridges Architecture: arch  Strong, less material