Bell Ringer - 11/29 & 11/30 The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the ___________ __________ based on careful ___________ and a willingness to ____________ old beliefs. Old View = ________________ Universe Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo were all working on the ___________ theory. Who discovered the Law of Gravity?

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment Explain what the Enlightenment was and its affect on the world. Describe a Salon and the roots of the Enlightenment. Define the concept of Natural Law. Identify the beliefs and works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Match Enlightenment thinkers to documents they influenced.

The Enlightenment The word enlightenment refers to a change in outlook among many educated Europeans that began during the 1600s. Applied reason to the human world to solve real life problems. Sound familiar? Many Enlightenment thinkers were inspired by scientists from the Scientific Revolution Galileo Newton The methods of the scientists were overturning old beliefs, so thinkers wanted to take a similar approach to solve the problems of human life. Scientific Revolution Enlightenment thinkers wanted to apply the same ideas of observation and reason to human life. Renaissance/Reformation Humanists questioned accepted beliefs. Protestants questioned church beliefs. Classical Ideas Rome’s republic Reason over Authority Questioned the basis of religion, morality, and government.

Enlightenment Impacts Stimulated religious tolerance Encouraged democratic revolutions around the world

Salons In France, thinkers gathered in informal meetings called “Salons”. Salons were a place to exchange and debate ideas. Women participated too! Wanted to break with the past and examine human life. This led to progress in government and society.

No, not this kind of SALON!

Natural Law Enlightenment thinkers had many questions about Natural Law. Natural Law = The concept that there is a universal order built into nature that can guide moral thinking.

Natural Law or Scientific Law? People are happiest when they are free. The best governments are ones that listen to the people. The earth revolves around the sun. People are by nature greedy and selfish and need to be controlled. What goes up, must come down.

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan People are bad by nature & cannot be trusted to make decisions for themselves. The state must have central authority to manage behavior. . . What kind of government do you think Hobbes have supported? Leviathan

John Locke “What is the purpose of government?” To protect people’s natural rights – life, liberty and property. Government only exists with the consent of the governed If government is not doing its job, it should be overthrown Two Treatises on Government

Baron de Montesquieu Believed in the separation of powers idea Checks and Balances between the branches of government The Spirit of Laws Whose government did he inspire?

Voltaire Believed in the freedom of speech Religious toleration Separation of church and state “Candide” What part of our Constitution did he inspire?

Rousseau Government is NOT there for the glory of God, but because there are obligations between the government and its people. Government is a contract between rulers and the people. The Social Contract was first published in Amsterdam… He would have gotten in trouble if he had published it in France… The Social Contract

Who Said It? (or would have said it) With a partner, your job is to match each quote with who would have said it. Some of the quotes are real, others are things that could have been said. You will use some of the names more than once.

Movie Clip The History of the U.S. Government Chapter 3: Influences on American Government 

Enlightenment Worksheet Match thinker, ideas and book. Identify their influences Complete the Bumper Sticker as homework, if necessary Turn in your completed worksheet for a grade!