1 Chapter 1 Art Before History AP Art History

Paleolithic Sculpture Subject matter: animals and women (things to control or possess or things pertinent to survival) Created descriptively convincing images (rather than optical images) Purpose unknown, although conjectures exist – must have been important 2

3 Found in Austria Some art historians felt that her exaggerated anatomy suggested that this served as a fertility image Like most Paleolithic figures there is no facial features Curly hair or a hat woven out of plant fibers? Venus of Wilendorf, ca. 28, ,000 BCE. Limestone.

4 Figure 1-7 Two bison, reliefs in cave at Le Tuc d’Audoubert, France, ca. 15,000–10,000 BCE. Clay, each 2’ long.

Paleolithic Painting Subject matter: animals Created descriptively convincing images (rather than optical images) Purpose unknown, although conjectures exist Limited media led to limited color palette 5

6 Figure 1-11 Hall of the Bulls (left wall) in the cave at Lascaux, France, ca. 15,000–13,000 BCE. Largest bull 11’ 6” long.

Figure 1-13 Rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison, painting in the well of the cave at Lascaux, France ca. 15,000 – 13,000 BCE. Bison 3’ 8” long. 7

Neolithic Architecture Created with megaliths (large stones) in post and lintel constructions Trilithon: group of three stones Henge: circle of stones (also called cromlechs) Menhir: single stone Alignment: line of stones 8

Figure 1-20 Aerial view of Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 2550–1600 BCE. Circle is 97' in diameter; trilithons 24' high. 9