Blood Physiology- cont. 1432 Lecture # 5 Blood Groups Professor A M Abdel Gader MD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London) Professor of Physiology,

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Bloody Facts. Blood Groups, Typing, Transfusions Transfusion experiments carried out for hundreds of years. (Many patients died!) Transfusion experiments.

Advertisements

The Blood Group Systems

Blood Groups/Types. Blood Group Terms Antigens: chemical structures imparting specific properties to the surface of the RBC Antibodies: protein substance.

BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY Practical 1

1 BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY Practical 1 BLOOD GROUPS By: khulood Hussein.

BLOOD TYPES : 101.

Blood Groups Prof. K. Sivapalan. June 2013Blood grouping2 Blood groups. Transfusion reactions indicated different types of blood among individuals. Surface.

Dr. Zahoor Lecture – 5 1 HMIM BLOCK 224. Different types of Blood groups blood group system Explain blood typing and how it is used to avoid adverse reactions.

BLOOD AND BODY DEFENCE Dr. Amel Eassawi Dr. Abdelrahman Mustafa 1.

ABO Blood Group System. Importance of ABO system ABO compatibility between donor cell and patient serum is the essential foundation of pre-transfusion.

ABO BLOOD GROUPNG & Rh GROUPS

ABO Blood Grouping Introduction Terry Kotrla, MS, MT(ASCP)BB.

Ch. 19 The Blood. Objectives Describe the functions of the blood. Describe the physical characteristics and principal components of blood.

BLOOD GROUPS By: Aasiyah Sharieff. B LOOD T YPE Not everyone has the same blood type. Blood type refers to features of the person’s red blood cells.

Blood Types Ch Blood Types Blood cells have surface markers called antigens ABO Blood Group – RBC with A antigens – A blood type – RBC with B antigens.

ABO Blood Groups Rhesus Factor +-

AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB

ABO/D Blood Groups Understanding Critical For Safe Transfusions.

Blood components review What type of cell do you have the most of in your blood? What is the function of platelets? What 2 gases do RBCs carry? The decreased.

Blood Types/Groups HST II 2008.

There are four different types of blood A, B, AB, O. They are determined by the protein (antigen) found on the RBCs. Prepared by Abeer Alhabash.

HUMAN BLOOD R.B.C Red blood cells contain a special protein called hemoglobin, which contains iron and carries the oxygen to the body Red blood cells.

Pages  When blood is given intraveneously  Usually donated blood  Transfusions are given for:  Blood loss due to injury  Surgery  To supplement.

Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion

ABO Basics Blood group antigens are actually sugars attached to the red blood cell. Antigens are “built” onto the red blood cell. Individuals inherit a.

Fourth lecture.

Blood Types. Blood Types… Blood from the donor to the recipient must be compatible. The problem occurs when the protein (antigen) outer layer of the RBC.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Blood Groups and Transfusions  Large losses of blood have serious consequences.

BLOOD GROUPS & Blood types. Objectives: 1. List the various types of blood groups. 2. Understand that the RBC surface antigens A or B, or their absence.

Human Blood Typing Lab Objective: 1. Apply blood typing method to determine the blood type for a sample of synthetic human blood 2. Describe the appearance.

Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed Assistant Professor AlMaarefa College HMIM BLOCK 224.

Blood Groups and Transfusions. Blood Loss Body is only able to compensate for minor losses – 15-30% cause weakness – >30% body goes into shock Can be.

11.1 Blood Antigens Unit D – Human Systems. Antigens Antigens are protein markers found on the surface of cells. Act like an ID card.

Blood Grouping.

University of Ishik Faculty of dentistry Practical Medical Physiology

BLOOD GROUPS BL Mtinangi Department of Physiology Hubert Kairuki Memorial University 4th December, 2015.

Blood Blood groups Rh factor Blood Tranfussion. What is blood made up of? An adult human has about 4–6 liters of blood circulating in the body. Blood.

Blood Component Testing and Labeling. Each donor unite must be tested and properly labeled before its release for transfusion. Required Tests: In most.

Blood Physiology Lecture #6 Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion Professor A.M.A Abdel Gader MD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London) Professor of Physiology,

Blood Physiology Lecture # 5 Blood Groups Professor A M Abdel Gader MD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London) Professor of Physiology, College.

1 RBC’s (Erythrocytes). 2 ABO BLOOD TYPES Red blood cells have particular proteins on their surfaces. In combination with different (incompatible) kinds.

Blood group and ABO antigens

Human Blood Groups Anatomy and Physiology. Blood Transfusions Loss of blood leads to constriction and cell formation Loss of 15-30% leads to pallor and.

BLOOD COMPATIBILITY.

1.What are the five types of leukocytes? 2.A leukocyte is more commonly known as a _________. 3.In your own words describe the process of performing a.

Blood group : is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells. These.

Hemeostasis Hemeostasis- stopping blood loss Phases of hemeostasis –Vasoconstrictive phase- vascular spasm Blood vessels constrict- caused by damage to.

Blood Groups. History of Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients.

BLOOD GROUPS AGGLUTINOGENS (Antigens) Complex oligosaccharide substances on the surface of the RBC membrane AGGLUTININS Antibodies against agglutinogens.

Blood Typing. Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner in the 1900’s discovered blood typing.

O-A-B Blood Types Agglutinogen

Physiology Team 436 – Foundation block lecture 11

BLOOD GROUPS Blood groups are classified according to antigens on the membrane of RBCs called “Agglutinogen”, which are glycoprotein. The plasma may contain.

Assist. Prof.Dr. Sajeda Al-Chalabi

Blood Groups and Blood transfusion Physiology

Determining Your Blood Type

The Blood Group Systems

Blood groups and blood types

Blood Typing A, B, AB and O Blood Types.

Blood Groups/Types.

Transfusion Medicine Kristine Krafts, M.D..

19-3 Blood Types Surface antigens

Blood Groups/Types.

Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion

Blood groups and blood types

Bell Work 02/18/2015 Get out a new piece of paper to start a new round of Bell Works Put Today’s Date & Answer the Following Questions: What type of cell.

Presentation transcript:

Blood Physiology- cont Lecture # 5 Blood Groups Professor A M Abdel Gader MD, PhD, FRCP (Lond., Edin), FRSH (London) Professor of Physiology, College of Medicine & King Khalid University Hospital King Saud University Riyadh

Objectives At the end of this lecture student should be able to: 1.Describe ABO blood groups types 2.Recognize Agglutinin in plasma 3.Describe genetic inheritance of Blood groups. 4.Recognize transfusion reaction Dr Sitelbanat 20115

5.Describe Rhesus blood groups. 6.Describe causes of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Objectives -cont

Group A A Group A B Group O Group B B A B

BLOOD GROUPS Determined by: Antigens (glycoprotein) on the surface RBC The chief blood groups are: Clinically most significant –A-B-O System –Rh (Rhesus) System

The ABO system: Depends on whether the red cells contain one, both or neither of the two blood antigens: A and B. Four main ABO groups: A, B, AB, O

AgglutininAgglutinogen GroupBlood Anti-B Anti-A - Anti A+B A B A & B - A B AB O The ABO Blood groups

The ABO system - cont. Anti-A & Anti-B are: naturally occurring antibodies. Not present at birth, appear 2-8/12 Triggered by A & B antigens in food and bacteria

Inheritance of blood groups Blood group Genotypes A AA, AO B BB, BO O OO AB Uses of genotypes: Sorting disputes in paternal dispute Frequency of ABO has ethnic variation

Rhesus (Rh) Blood Group Determined by: Presence or absence of the Rhesus antigen (D) on the surface of RBC: –Presence of D (individual is Rh+ve) –Absence of D ( ‘ ‘ ‘ Rh–ve) Rhesus antigens: Dd, Cc, Ee Clinically most important is D

Rhesus (Rh) Blood Group Anti-D antibody (agglutinin): -Is not naturally-occurring -Can be acquired by: i-Transfusion of Rh-ve individual with Rh+ve blood ii-Rh-ve pregnancy with Rh+ve faetus.

Importance of blood groups 1.Blood Transfusion. 2.Rh incompatibilty between mother and fetus

Blood Transfusion ORNO D OABBA Patient A B (-) - AB O

Agglutination in transfusion reaction If a patient of blood group A transfused with blood of group B The anti-B in plasma will agglutinate the transfused group B cells: Outcome: –The clumped cells plug small blood vessels (kidney shut down) –Sometimes immediate hemolysis

21 Transfusion reactions (Incompatible Blood transfusion) If a person with blood group A transfused with blood of group B (contains anti-A in plasma) The anti-A in plasma of recipient blood group B will agglutinate the transfused cell (A) The clumped cells plug small blood vessels Sometimes causes immediate hemolysis Transfusion reaction

22 Complications of blood transfusion 1.Immune reaction: Incompatible blood transfusion leading to immediate or delayed reaction, fever, haemolysis, allergic reaction 2.Transmission of diseases; malaria, syphilis, viral hepatitis & Aids 3.Iron overload due to multi-transfusion in case of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia Dr Sitelbanat 2011

BLOOD DONORS BLOOD BANK Screening Blood components Prep Storage ISSUE HOSPITAL PATIENTS

Blood tests before transfusion 1.Blood group type of patient (recipient) 2. Cross-matching

Blood tests before transfusion 1.Blood group type of patient (recipient) 2. Cross-matching

Blood tests before transfusion 1.Blood group type of patient (recipient) Look for agglutination A drop of patient RBC Anti-AAnti-BAnti-D

Agglutination Reaction

Blood tests before transfusion RBCAnti AAnti-B O -- A +- B -+ AB ++

Blood tests before transfusion 1.Blood group type of patient (recipient) 2. Cross-matching

Blood tests before transfusion 1.Blood group type of patient (recipient) 2. Cross-matching

Blood tests before transfusion 2. Cross-matching: donor cells + recipients (patient) serum

Rh incompatibilty between mother and fetus

Mother Rh-ve first Rh+ve baby: At delivery –Fetal Rh+ RBC cross to maternal blood The mother will develop Anti-D after delivery. First child escapes & is safe (If the mother is transfused with Rh+ve blood before, first child will be affected)

Rh incompatibilty between mother and fetus- cont. Second fetus –If Rh+ve –Anti-D crosses placenta and destroys fetal Rh+ RBC –Outcome? Hemolytic Disease of the newborn

1.Hemolytic anemia: –If severe: treated with exchange transfusion: Replace baby blood with Rh-ve RBC (several times) 2.Hydrobs fetalis (death in utero)

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn- cont. Prevention: Injecting the mother with anti-D immediately after 1 st childbirth Antenatal (during pregnancY) prophylaxis

Anti-D