1 Spectrum Trading: An Analysis of Implementation Issues Advisor Advisor ： Wei-Yeh Chen Student Student ：楊 于 世 Reference C.E. Carlos, M.B.H. Weiss, “Spectrum Trading: An Analysis of Implementation Issues,” in DySPAN Dublin, pp , April 2007.

2 Outline Introduction Problems with current spectrum management/assignment methods Benefits of spectrum trading Classification of trading interactions and architecture Spectrum trading implementation issue Conclusion

3 Introduction(1/2) Traditional spectrum allocation and assignment mechanisms have focused on avoiding interference between users and on the type of use given to spectrum rather than on the efficient use of spectrum and the maximization of economic benefits.

4 Introduction(2/2) The assignment of spectrum licenses through spectrum trading markets can be used as a mechanism to grant access to spectrum to those who value it most and can use it more efficiently.

5 Problems with current spectrum management/assignment methods(1/2) Traditional spectrum assignment methods are based on the command and control model, where a government regulator defines the use and transmission limits for every frequency range.

6 Problems with current spectrum management/assignment methods(2/2) Market based mechanisms leave spectrum assignment decisions to market interactions which, if designed correctly, assign use of the spectrum to those who value it the most.

7 Benefits of spectrum trading Spectrum trading can improve the efficiency of the initial distributions of spectrum by allowing the licensees to be those who value its use the most and by making use of the technology that provides the best economic gains.

8 Classification of trading interactions and architecture Mode ： Refers to the range of actions that a buyer has at his disposal with the spectrum that he has acquired. Extent ： It’s the degree to which a spectrum licenses’ rights and obligations( 契約 ) are transferred to the buyer. Duration ： Refers to the length of time of the trade.

9 Mode Change of ownership Change of use

10 Extent Complete transfer: Rights and obligations of seller are completely transferred to the buyer. Shared: Rights and obligations are shared (bear upon) both seller and buyer.

11 Duration Short term lease Long term lease Sale and buy back Permanent: Sale until the end of license term

12 Spectrum Trading Architecture

13 Spectrum trading implementation issue Information management Interference management Spectrum trading or wireless bandwidth trading Implications of flexibility

14 Information management Pricing and spectrum availability information are key to a successful s pectrum trading (ST) market. In particular, price transparency( 透明 ) can reduce transaction costs, promote( 促進 ) market entry and higher volumes( 量 ) of trading.

15 Interference management In addition to the use of technical mechanisms to control interference, economic based mechanisms can also be used. In particular, a fee or tax on the amount of generated interference could be applied to the price of a traded spectrum license by the spectrum management entity.

16 Spectrum trading or wireless bandwidth trading Wireless Bandwidth Manager (WBM): Entity that manages the assignment of transmission capacity and its related spectrum to requesting entities. Reconfigurable Base Stations (RBS): These systems can employ reconfigurable radios or SDRs in order to be assigned a spectrum segment for their use in a dynamic way.

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18 Implications of flexibility Supporting more than one wireless standard in a spectrum trading area raises several issues among which are: Costs and Interference.

19 Conclusion 這篇論文有把頻譜交易的一些相關議題加進來，之前對頻 譜交易的想法可能只是覺得是買賣行為而已，而這篇論文 所加進的一些頻譜上會影響效能的因素，可以當作未來研 究的想法及參考資料。