Russian Revolution German Philosopher - Karl Marx

Czar Nicholas II and Family

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Russian economy was bankrupt Starvation in Russia War becomes unpopular Czar Nicholas II WORLD WAR I

March Revolution March Revolution (1917) Royal palace is taken over - Czar Abdicates - Provisional government Provisional government (Duma) Alexander Keresnky Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

October Revolution (Bolshevik) 1917 Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread” Won support of people (especially Unions and peasants)

Russian Marxist Soviet politician Leader of the Communist Red Army Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronshtein Lev Davidovich Bronshtein October Revolution (Bolshevik) 1917

Lenin follows through with promise… Treaty of Brest ‑ Litovsk Ending WWI with Germany. Russia Pulls Out 1918

Russian Civil War White Armies (Royal and Menshevik) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks – “majority”) Reds defeat Whites

Rule of Lenin New Economic PlanNew Economic Plan (NEP) - moderate mix of capitalism and socialism Political Reforms - CommunismPolitical Reforms - Communism - Bolshevik party became Communist Party - Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics - Establishes the Comintern fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic…”

Lenin Dies of Stroke 1924 Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Trotsky Exiled to Mexico

Lenin Dies of Stroke 1924 Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Trotsky Exiled to Mexico Stalin creates a Totalitarian state

Stalin’s Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority State Control Over All Sectors of Society –Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) –Labor and Pay –Housing –Education –Youth groups (Propaganda) –Arts

Stalin’s Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority State Control Over All Sectors of Society –Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) –Labor and Pay –Housing –Education –Youth groups (Propaganda) –Arts Religious Persecution –Did not allow religion in public life

Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control Over the IndividualObedience The Great Purge The Great Purge Counter-Revolutionaries and “enemies of the People” According to the declassified Soviet archives, during , the NKVD detained 1,548,366 victims, of whom 681,692 were shot - an average of 1,000 executions a day in 1937/38 alone…

Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution “Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!” - Joseph Stalin “Workers of the world will rise up” – Karl Marx “The Red Scare” Fear of Communism in the U.S.

Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution “Long live the Worldwide Socialist Revolution!” - Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky with American Communist in Mexico shortly before his assassination in Mexico shortly before his assassination “The Red Scare” Fear of Communism in the U.S.

Impact of Russian Revolution State Control Over All Sectors of Society – Economy and Business (anti-capitalism) – Labor and Pay – Housing, – Education – Youth groups – spread propaganda Economic Planning: state playing an active role in regulating the economy Religious Persecution Did not allow religion in public life Division of the World: Communism vs Capitalism The world hence came to be divided into two: Socialists and Capitalists. Communist International - Comintern formed to promote revolutions on an international scale. Industrial Growth under Stalin The Soviet Union as a major military power in the world