T HE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM Presented By: Gerardo Cruz Mary Luz Razon Shaquila Lewis Taquiyyah Boyles Michelle Estella

M AJOR F UNCTIONS o Carry oxygen o To circulate all vital fluids throughout the body -nourishes all the body systems o Transport blood, hormones, white blood cells and chemicals through the heart, lungs and major organs o Help in fighting diseases by using white blood cells o Prevents over bleeding by forming blood clots o Helps maintain body temperature by transporting heat

M AJOR P ARTS O F T HE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM A ND T HEIR F UNCTIONS The heart: is the key organ in this system; propel blood and keep blood moving throughout your body. The blood: is pumped by your heart; carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells The blood vessels are divided into 3 parts:  Arteries: carry oxygen blood away from the heart  Capillaries: connect arteries to veins  Veins: carry blood back toward your heart ARTERIES VEINS

C OMPONENTS OF T HE B LOOD Red Blood Cells (or erythrocytes) Red blood cell make up about 40-50% of the total blood volume. Transport oxygen from the lungs to all of the living tissues of the body and remove carbon dioxide. Red blood cells are produced in our bone marrow from stem cells at about 2-3 million cells per second. Hemoglobin is the gas transporting potein molecule, makes up 95% of red blood cells. White Blood Cells (or leukocytes) Exist in variable numbers and types but make up a very small part of the blood’s volume, normally only about 1% in healthy people. Most white blood cells are made in the bone marrow from the same stem cells as red blood cells, others are produced in the thymus gland. Our white blood cells are the first responders for our immune system. White blood cells remove bacteria, viruses, and fungi, they also remove dead or dying blood cells.

C OMPONENTS OF T HE B LOOD CONT. Platelets (or thrombocytes) Platelets work with blood clotting chemicals at the site of wounds. They do this by adhering to the walls of blood vessels, thereby plugging the ruptura in the vascular wall. Platelets also release coagulating chemicals which cause clot to forming the blood that can plug up narrowed blood vessels. Platelets also help fight infections by releasing proteins that kill invading bacteria and some other microorganisms. Plasma Plasma is a relatively clear liquid water, protein and SALT solution which carries the red and white blood cells, platelets and some other chemicals. Normally, 55% of our blood’s volume is made up of plasma, About 95% of it consist of water. Plasma brings nourishment to the blood cells and removes the waste products of metabolism.

H EART C ONTRACTION A ND B LOOD F LOW o The heart is a muscle that works like a pump to send blood throughout the body. o It is divided into right and left sides that work together to pump blood. o -Right side-pumps blood from the heart to your lungs through the pulmonary artery o -Left side-pumps blood to other parts of your body through the aorta o Has four chambers: right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle o Has four valves that regulate the flow of blood through the heart, its chambers and the arteries. Pumping Cycle begins when blood from your body that is low in oxygen returns through the superior and inferior vena cava to fill your heart’s right atrium.  Right Ventricle; The process of the blood flow begins in the right atrium. The right atrium receives blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior venacava. From here the blood flows to the right ventricles.  Right ventricle: when full of blood, the tricuspid valve closes preventing blood from flowing back into the right atrium. It then contracts, the pulmonary valve opens and blood is pumped into your artery. The pulmonary valve quickly closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. Oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein and has filled the left atrium.  Left atrium: contracts, the mitral valve opens, and blood is pumped into the left ventricle. Occurring at the same time a new contraction takes place in the right atrium.  Left ventricle: When full of blood, the mitral valve closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the left atrium. When it contracts, the aortic valve between your left ventricle and aorta opens. The contraction pumps oxygen-rich blood into the aorta and on to the rest of the body.  Aortic valve: quickly closes, preventing blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. Occurring at the same time a new contraction takes place in the right ventricle.  Meanwhile, the heart’s atria has filled with blood and the cycle continues.

“T HE PUMP PUMP PUMP OUR BLOOD ” SONG Tune from Miley Cyrus’ Party In The U.S.A The right atrium’s where the process begins where the CO2 blood enters the heart Through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle (the pulmonary) artery and lungs Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply Back to the heart through the pulmonary vein, atrium and left ventricle The aortic valves where the blood leaves the heart then its channeled to the rest of the body. The arteries, arterioles and capillaries! Bring the oxygenated blood to the cells! The oxygenated blood to the cells! BRING THE BLOOD TO THE CELLS! CHORUS: So were going to pump pump pump our blood, all around our body Were studying the flow (like yeah) The heart is a pump pumpin’ So were going to pump pump pump our blood So we can all get an ‘A’ (yeahhhh!!) Well show you Ms. Guillory (yeahhhh!!) The tissues and the cells trade off waste and CO2, which is carried through the venules and the veins Through the larger vena cava to the atrium and lungs, and we’re back to where we started to the heart. SONG CONTINUES TO FADE AWAY…

H OW T HE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM I NTERACTS W ITH O THER S YSTEMS o The circulatory system provides the following for other body systems:  Digestive: important factor in the transportation of proteins and nutrients  Respiratory: moves the oxygenated blood throughout the body and deoxygenated blood back to the lungs  Excretory: removes waste  Endocrine: moves the hormones produced in this system  Immune: blood pumped in the circulatory system contains white blood cells, which is part of this system  Nervous: sends more blood to form clots when a cut occurs

F ACTS T O K NOW A BOUT T HE C IRCULATORY S YSTEM o The circulatory system is an organ system cell and helps stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis o The body’s circulatory system really has three distinct parts  Pulmonary circulation  Coronary circulation  Systemic circulation o The circulation system is made up of the vessels and the muscles that help and control the flow of the blood around the body. This process is called circulation. o The heart beats around three billion times in the average person’s life o The body of an adult contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels! o A heartbeat is really the sound of the valves in the heart closing as they push blood through its chambers

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