 Do Now: What do you think the following quote means?  Philosophy is a walk on the slippery rocks/ Religion is a light in the fog  What is the difference between philosophy and religion?

 Philosophy=the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.  Greek (philosophia- love of wisdom )

 Religion=the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.  Latin- religare (to bind); religio (obligation, bond, reverence)

 Polytheistic-belief in many gods  As we read, be sure to take notes/highlight ways early civilizations were similar to/different from each other

 Originated with the Hebrews  Semitic people  Influenced by Babylonian civilization  Diaspora- a scattering of people (and their ideas/beliefs)  Other religions (Christianity and Islam) influenced by this spread  Jewish concept of God  More abstract  Less human  All knowing/all powerful

 Official religion o f the Persian empire  Based on the teachings of Zoroaster (ancient Persian prophet)  Centered on one supreme being  Ahura Mazda  Opposed by evil spirit (Angra Mainyu)  Humans free will- Universal struggle between good and evil  Beliefs faded, but strong influence on other monotheistic religions

 Read pp  Vocab terms  Universalizing religion  Karma and Dharma  Nirvana  Yin-yang principle  Reciprocity  Daoism

 Do Now: What makes this a good thesis statement?  “Though attributes such as intelligence and bravery were valued in the rigid social classes of ancient Chinese society where religion was not very central, in the theocratic society of ancient Egypt material wealth and power were more valued, and social mobility was more attainable.”

 What was the significance or importance of the Great Hymn to Aten ?  What evidence from the source supports this?

 Summarize the passage. What appears to be its main point/message?  What connections/similarities do we find to other monotheistic religions (hint: go back and highlight/underline at least two examples)? What does this suggest about cultural diffusion?  What can we learn about the values of Persian civilization from this excerpt (hint: drink your SPRITE)?  Which of the following best describes Zoroastrianism? Why do you feel this way?  Zoroastrianism is…  A monotheistic religion.  A philosophy centering on the universal struggle between good and evil.  A combination of monotheistic religion and philosophy. 

 Do Now: Why is this man (pictured at right) so popular in China?  What are some possible connections to AP World History?

 …”chicken” to the Chinese, at least those who live in the cities, means what’s served at KFC. Since the first drumstick was dipped into a fryer in Beijing in 1987, the chain has opened more than 3,000 branches around the country, and is now more profitable in China than in the United States. Numerous reasons have been advanced for this success, from the cleanliness of the restrooms to the alleged resemblance of Colonel Sanders to Confucius, but it apparently does not reflect a newfound Chinese appetite for the cuisine of the American mid-South. “You can find bone-in fried chicken there,” notes Mary Shelman, a Kentucky native and the head of the agribusiness program at Harvard Business School. “But it’s always dark meat, which the Chinese prefer, and it’s one menu item out of around 30, and it’s not the most popular.” The chain has thrived by offering the Chinese customers food they were already familiar with, including (depending on the region) noodles, rice and dumplings, along with chicken wraps, chicken patties and chicken wings, which are so popular, Shelman says, that the company periodically has to deny rumors it has a farm somewhere that raises six-winged chickens. conquered-the-world /?page=3

 Built on earlier traditions  Mandate of Heaven  Yin-yang principle  Opposite forces in harmony  Influenced by the time he lived ( BCE; chaotic period in China)

 Principle of reciprocity  Five basic relationships of society  Parent and child  Sovereign and minister  Husband and wife  Older and younger brother  Friend and friend  What do you notice about these relationships (Hint: think values/beliefs)?

 Filial piety (what does this mean?  Latin Filius or Filia (son or daughter)  Latin pius (being reverent or religious)  Ren-kindness, especially in outward behavior (source of all virtues)  Li-how others should be treated (focus on order and reciprocity)  Important for the focus on orderly society and human behavior

 What does the quote below show us about the social and religious values of early Chinese civilization?  “At fifteen, I set my heart on learning. At thirty, I was firmly established. At forty, I had no more doubts. At fifty, I knew the will of heaven. At sixty, I was ready to listen to it. At seventy, I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing what was right.” Analects, 2:4

 Dao-the way of nature  Focus shifts away from society to self  Reflective and introspective  Force of the cosmos  Whether you feel it or not, it is working (water)  Learn to live in harmony  Can’t defeat the inevitable  Wuwei-disengage from the world and live simply  Founded by Laozi (6 th century BCE)  Contrast to Confucius-no strong centralized state

 If you understand others you are smart. If you understand yourself you are illuminated. If you overcome others you are powerful. If you overcome yourself you have strength. If you know how to be satisfied you are rich. If you can act with vigor, you have a will. If you don't lose your objectives you can be long-lasting. If you die without loss, you are eternal. ― Lao Tzu, Tao Te ChingLao Tzu Tao Te Ching  How does this reflect the values/beliefs of Daoism?

 Roots in the caste system (position in society based on heredity)  Somewhere between BCE  A blend of the Aryans and Dravidians (remember them from ch. 1?)  Changes after Buddhism to be more inclusive  Still tied to Indian society and culture (castes)

 A universal spirit responsible for all that happens  No body, but everywhere  Atman- human souls are pieces of the spirit trapped in physical bodies  Karma- a destiny shaped by choices/actions (cause/effect)  Dharma- set of duties to fulfill  may gain higher caste  Brahmins-could gain Moksha -reunion with the universal spirit  All gods are part of the universal spirit  Shiva-destroyer  Vishnu-preserver  Sacred texts-the Vedas  Epic poems (Human/deity interaction, fulfillment of dharma,etc.)

 Started in the Ganges River Valley (Indus River Civilization)  Siddhartha Gautama  Abandoned privilege to seek meaning of life  Buddha-enlightened one  Everyone (regardless of caste) could achieve nirvana  Union with the universal spirit

 Nirvana can be reached by understanding the four noble truths  All of life is suffering.  All suffering is caused by desires that won’t fulfill us.  Desire can only be overcome by ending all desire.  Desire can only be ended by following the eight fold path (see previous picture).  Spread rapidly along trade routes (between 600 BCE and 600 CE)  Blended with native religions  Theravada-monastic life for men and women (Buddha just an enlightened man)  Mahayana-other Buddhas appeared after Siddhartha; Boddhisatva -a person who delayed nirvana to help others