Stem Study Guide Answers

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Horticulture Science Lesson 8 Understanding Stem Anatomy

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Presentation transcript:

Stem Study Guide Answers

Introduction & Diagram Monocot Dicot

2. Functions Support leaves & flowers Transport water, minerals, & food Some also store excess food &/or photosynthesize

3. Herbaceous vs. Woody Stems Herbaceous - soft, green & can photosynthesize -examples: petunias, carnations Woody - hard & rigid with cork & vascular cambium -examples: conifers, perennial dicots

4. Stems & Food Storage Corms - short, thick underground stem with leaf scales (gladiolus) Tubers - swollen underground stem with buds (potato) Rhizomes - horizontal underground stems that store food (iris)

4. Stems & Food Storage

5. Benefit of food storage in stems Helps plant survive drought or cold and enable it to grow from year to year

6. Herbaceous stem - most abundant tissue Pith - lightweight space filler

7. Tissue in herbaceous dicots but NOT monocots? Cambium

8. Herbaceous Monocot vs. Dicot? Monocots have scattered vascular bundles whereas dicots have bundles arranged in a ring around the cambium

9. Woody Stem Diagram

10. Tree Cross Section & Aging

11. Cause of Annual Rings? Seasonal changes - springwood has many large vessels = light rings -summerwood (late in the season) has fewer, smaller vessels = dark rings

12. Heartwood vs. Sapwood Heartwood - clogged xylem at center of woody stem (non-functional) & darker due to resins, gums, & tannins Sapwood - lighter, functional xylem on outer edges of stem

12. Heartwood vs. Sapwood

13. Bark Tough, corky tissue that protects the stem from damage by insects & herbivores; also protects against water loss &

14. Bark Tissues Bark is composed of: -cork -cork cambium -cortex -phloem

15. Phloem Phloem can transport other substances besides sugar, such as hormones, amino acids, & viruses

True or False: Primary growth is growth in diameter. False; primary growth is growth in length

17. True or False: Buds for new leaves usually grow at the nodes

The End