Alexander “the Great”? Was he great? Does it depend who you ask? CHW3M Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Stater with Head of Alexander.

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Presentation transcript:

Alexander “the Great”? Was he great? Does it depend who you ask? CHW3M Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Stater with Head of Alexander the Great, BC (March 26, 2012).

Macedonia Far north of Greece Spoke a dialect of Greek Considered barbarians by other Greeks Had a more tribal culture Giampaolo Casati, Alexander the Great: the Conqueror (San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2004), p. 28.

Rise of Macedonia 404 BC: After the Peloponnesian War Thebes was the strongest city-state 359 BC: Phillip II came to power Philip then turned his kingdom into a major power He used Theban battle tactics (phalanx) 338 BC: He defeated the southern Greeks at Chaeronaea Unity Then he was assassinated

Theban Phalanx 16 rows Each soldier had a long pike (sarissa added by Phillip) Robert J. Walker, World Civilizations: A Comparative Study (Don Mills, ON: Oxford, 1998), p. 121.

A Big Ego? At the Oracle at Delphi Alexander was told, just before leaving for Persia, “You are invincible, my son.” Alan Fildes and Joann Fletcher, Alexander the Great: Son of the Gods (London: Duncan Baird Publishers, 2004), p. 37.

Alexander’s Conquests EyeWitness to History. Alexander Defeats the Persians, 331 BC (March 26, 2012). Areas conquered by Alexander

Persian Empire s Persian relief from Persepolis, BC, city looted by Alexander Metropolitan Museum of Art. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Relief: two servants bearing food and drink (March 26, 2012).

Riches of the Persian Empire Ruins of Persepolis, former ceremonial capital of the highly organized Persian Empire Alison Behnke, The Conquests of Alexander the Great (Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Group, 2008), p. 67.

Hellenism “Greek civilization especially as modified in the Hellenistic period by influences from southwestern Asia.”  Blending of eastern and western cultures Merriam Webster. Hellenism (March 26, 2012). WE

Alexandria, Egypt Founded by Alexander in 331 BCE  Greek architecture  Greek, Persian, Jewish, Syrian and other residents  Well known as a centre of learning (library)  Pharos lighthouse Tour Egypt. Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria (March 26, 2012). Model of Pharos

Hellenistic World Three of Alexander’s generals, after fighting, split his empire:  Seleucid Empire (Syria and Persia)  Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt and part of Libya)  Antigonid Empire (Greece and Macedonia) Alexander Seleucus Under Roman control after 133 BC Ptolemy Under Roman control after 30 BC Antigonis

Task: H or MC?**** Did Alexander use Hellenism for political purposes to rule the Persian Empire more effectively (make them like him)? Or, did he believe in true multiculturalism, wherein he genuinely appreciated other cultures? **** Test question on Alexander will relate to this using evidence and argument.

Homework: Take notes on rise of Macedonia, page 139. Read pages