Quick Review 1.What is genetic information stored as? 2.What organelle is this information found in?

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
MOLECULAR GENETICS. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule DNA is a double helix (twisted.
Advertisements

The Second of the Big Four Nucleic Acids. These are macromolecules are made up of nucleotides – Polymer - nucleic acid – Monomer - nucleotide Contain.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
AP Biology Nucleic acids AP Biology Nucleic Acids.
Nucleic Acids.
Structure and Composition
DNA Song (Row, Row, Row your Boat)
Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA
GENETICS.
KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.
Mrs. Degl Molecular Genetics DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a.
Warm Up Where is DNA located within a cell? Why is DNA important?
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA → RNA → Proteins Biology II D. Mitchell.
Nucleic Acids.
D.N.A. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Inheritance and the Structure of DNA. Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis TAKS Review for April 22 test.
IF YOU WERE A SPY, HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A MESSAGE TO HEADQUARTERS IN A WAY THAT IF THE ENEMY INTERCEPTED IT, THEY WOULD NOT KNOW WHAT THE MESSAGE SAID?
RNA Ribonucleic Acid –R- Ribo –N- Nucleic –A- Acid.
Understanding DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins.
Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 10 – 1 DNA 10 – 2 RNA 10 – 3 Protein Synthesis.
NUCLEIC ACIDS  P GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS MADE UP OF C, H, O, N, AND P A NUCLEOTIDE MONOMER : THAT INCLUDES A 5 CARBON SUGAR, A NITROGEN BASE AND.
How Genes Function Quiz 6D. Four main points of how genes function Nucleotides (symbols in the language) are arranged into codons (letters) Codons (letters.
Protein Synthesis DNA.
DNA. Name the organelle and give its function. Animal Plant Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum: aids in processing carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
DNA Structure Section 11.2.
DNA and RNA – DNA image.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) : Structure and Function.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Review. Cell organelle where ______________ proteins are made Copying DNA _________________ G roup of 3 nucleotides _____________ in.
DNA and Genes. Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes Prokaryotes: no defined nucleus and a simplified internal structure Eukaryotes: membrane limited nucleus and.
DNA –Was known as a chemical in cells by the end of the nineteenth century –Has the capacity to store genetic information –Can be copied and passed from.
1. Nucleic Acids TWO MAIN TYPES DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA- Ribonucleic Acid.
DNA Introduction. What is DNA? Genetic information of life Type of Nucleic Acid Double Stranded.
Nucleic Acids. Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known forms of life Include DNA and RNA Made from long strands of nucleotides.
The Structure of DNA James Watson and Francis Crick (1953) Using the work of Franklin, Wilkens, and Chargaff they discovered the structure of DNA. This.
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
Lecture 10: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA). Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.
DNA and RNA. Rosalind Franklin Worked with x-ray crystallography Discovered: That DNA had a helical structure with two strands.
DNA and RNA. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genetic code of life Located inside the nucleus NEVER leaves the nucleus Double Stranded Shape of DNA is a double.
Molecular Genetics.  Important Molecular Geneticists 1. Meischer-first to discover and isolate DNA from cells; called it nuclein (it was later renamed.
DNA,RNA, and Proteins. In the 1950’s, James Watson and Francis Crick, built a model of DNA. Their model was inspired by the work of Rosalind Franklin.
Nucleic Acids. Nucleic Acids Made from long strands of nucleotides (monomers) Nucleic acids are large biomolecules (polymers) – essential for all known.
DNA and RNA.
DNA.
THE MOLECULE BASIS OF INHERITANCE
DNA Structrue & Function
Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis
4- Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.
Nucleic Acids.
DNA song
Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication.
DNA: The Molecule of Life
DNA and Replication.
Nucleic Acids.
DNA & RNA Structure.
Warm-up: DNA What does DNA stand for? Where do we find DNA?
NUCLEIC ACIDS THERE ARE TWO DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
DNA and RNA.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA & RNA Notes Unit 3.
DNA DNA is a type of organic macromolecule called Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is made up of repeating monomers called Nucleotides DNA has a distinct shape.
Introducing: DNA.
RNA.
Compare DNA and RNA in terms of structure, nucleotides and base pairs.
Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acids.
Warm-up: DNA What does DNA stand for? Where do we find DNA?
4- Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Watson and Crick discovered the double helix by building models to conform to X-ray data In April 1953, James Watson.
Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
Presentation transcript:

Quick Review 1.What is genetic information stored as? 2.What organelle is this information found in?

First Model of DNA 1953: James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins examined an amazing photograph made by Rosalind Franklin using a technique she developed called X-ray crystallography With what they had discovered about the composition of DNA and Franklin's photographs, Watson & Crick developed and proposed the first model for the structure of DNA

Watson and Crick Model consisted of two nucleotide chains that wrap around each other to form a double spiral. This shape is called a double helix.

DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Genetic code of life Located inside the nucleus NEVER leaves the nucleus Double Stranded Shape of DNA is a double helix Made of nucleotides

Primary functions of DNA: 1.Store and Transmit genetic information 2.Direct its synthesis/replication 3.Code for protein synthesis

So, what is RNA? RiboNucleic Acid Copy of a gene in DNA Responsible for delivering genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm Located outside the nucleus Responsible for completion of the process of protein synthesis Single stranded 3 Types of RNA: Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal Made of nucleotides

DNA and RNA

Nucleotides Monomers that make up DNA & RNA

Each nucleotide is composed of: A sugar, A nitrogen base A phosphate group:

Sugar Deoxyribose - a 5-carbon sugar in DNA Ribose - a 5-carbon sugar in RNA. This sugar has more oxygen than the sugar in DNA. Notice: Oxygen placement DEoxy (de means to remove. DNA has an Oxygen removed!!!

Nitrogen Base Purines –have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. –Adenine & Guanine Pyrimidines have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Thymine & Cytosine (in DNA) Uracil & Cytosine ( in RNA)

Phosphate Group -PO 4

The phosphate group is attached to the sugar, and the sugar is attached to the nitrogen base

RNA – single stranded DNA – double stranded

Two nucleotides pair to form one of the "rungs" of the ladder in a DNA double helix.

The sugar and phosphate groups form the "backbone" or outer support of the DNA ladder-like double helix. Sugar phosphate backbone

Base Pairing Rules These rules describe the behavior of the bases. 1.Cytosine always bonds with guanine by forming three hydrogen bonds. (C - G) 2.Adenine always bonds with thymine by forming two hydrogen bonds. (A - T) In the RNA nucleotide, thymine is replaced by Uracil (A – U). 3.A pair of bases that always bond together is known as a complementary base pair.

3 Basic Types of RNA Messenger RNA – mRNA Transfer RNA – tRNA Ribosomal RNA - rRNA

Messenger RNA mRNA carries genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm

Transfer RNA tRNA carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes

Ribosomal RNA rRNA consists of RNA nucleotides in globular form

Celebration of Learning Moment! You are to create a comparison between RNA and DNA. Be sure to include: 1.Type of Sugar 2.Type of nucleotides 3.Strand type

DNA & RNA Comparison DNARNA Sugar molecule is Ribose Sugar molecule is Deoxyribose Is single strandedIs double stranded Uses UracilUses Thymine Is smaller and leaves the nucleus Remains in the nucleus Has 3 basic typesOnly one kind of DNA COPY of genetic codeIs THE genetic code