Behaviouralism View person as a biological entity, similar to any other mammal Personality is shaped in an effort to adapt to environmental circumstances.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Introduction to Psychology
Advertisements

Why Spanking Isn’t a Good Idea
B.F. Skinner: The Behavioral Approach. Basic Premise  Behavior can be controlled by consequences- type of reinforcement following the behavior.
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
Behavioral Theories Of Learning
Learning How do we learn through our environment? Classical Conditioning – Neutral stimulus acquires ability to produce a response Operant Conditioning.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006 by Pearson Education. Reproduced by permission of the publisher. Further reproduction is prohibited without written permission.
Learning & Motivation Dr Jacqui McKechnie. Learning is a relatively permanent change of behaviour or knowledge that occurs as a result of experience.
Operant Conditioning. I. Operant Conditioning A type of learning that occurs when we receive rewards or punishments for our behavior A type of learning.
BEHAVIOR THERAPIES. Behavior therapy, or behavior modification, is based on the assumption that undesirable behaviors have been learned, and therefore,
Learning Overview F What is Learning? F Classical Conditioning F Operant Conditioning F Limits of Behaviorism F Observational Learning.
Conditioning and Learning Processes Chapter Process by which a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a response because it was repeatedly.
OPERANT CONDITIONING DEF: a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.
Behavioral Theories of Learning. Behavioral Learning Theory O Behavioral learning theory- focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences.
Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Information in this presentation is taken from UCCP Content.
Chapter 6: Learning Music: “Live and Learn” by the Cardigans “Learn to Fly” by the Foo Fighters.
ACE Personal Trainer Manual 5th Edition
Lecture 10 CHANGING EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR: LEARNING AND PUNISHMENT.
Chapter 6: Learning Music: “Superstitious” Steve Wonder “Live and Learn” Cardigans.
Learning.
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 6: Learning.
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Chapter 6: Learning 1Ch. 6. – Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience 1. Classical Conditioning : Pairing 2. Operant Conditioning :
Behavioral Approach. Assumptions of Behaviorism All species of animals learn in similar (equal ways with the same guiding principles All species of animals.
Operant Conditioning  B.F. Skinner ( ) elaborated Thorndike’s Law of Effect developed behavioral technology.
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Classical Conditioning
Learning. This is happening when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training Generalization.
Behavioral Learning. What is Behaviorism? The study of observable behavior and the role of the environment as a determinant of behavior.
Learning. A. Introduction to learning 1. Why do psychologists care about learning? 2. What is and isn’t learning? IS: A relatively permanent change in.
Chapter 5 Learning. chapter 5 What is Learning? Occurs whenever experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior.
Dr. Ramez. Bedwani.  Different methods of learning  Factors affecting learning.
LEARNING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS Operant Conditioning.
 Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of.
Behavioural Approaches, Social Cognitive Approaches, and Teaching
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc Chapter 5 Learning.
Cognitive \ Behavioural Learning Theory Experience physically changes the structure of the nervous system, altering neural circuits that participate in.
Operant Conditioning A learning process by which the likelihood of a particular behaviour occurring is determined by the consequences of that behaviour.
Operant conditioning (Skinner – 1938, 1956)
Module 10 Operant & Cognitive Approaches. OPERANT CONDITIONING Operant conditioning –Also called _________________________________ –Kind of learning in.
© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner.
Operant Conditioning: Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism.
Learning. LEARNING CONCEPTS Learning –any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs due to experience. Conditioning-forming associations between.
It explains learning in terms of observable behaviours and how they are influenced by stimuli from the environment.
Operant Conditioning Reinforcement – when a stimulus or event occurs that strengthens or increases the probability of a response reoccurring positive (+)
Chapter 5 Learning. Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Defining Learning Learning –a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. 3 Types:  Classical  Operant.
Def: a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience Classical Conditioning: learning procedure in which associations are made.
Chapter 2: Behavioral Learning Theory What causes change in behavior?
Welcome Back!!!. First, let’s review concepts from Unit 2.
The Behaviourist Approach Key terms Little and often is the rule for revision!
Classical and Operant Conditioning. Classical Conditioning A type of learning in which an organisms comes to associate stimuli A neutral stimulus that.
Learning. n The process by which experience leads to changes in knowledge, attitudes, and/or behavior. n Learning is relatively permanent. n Learning.
Operant Conditioning Type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior. Another form of learning.
Chapter 6: Learning Music: “Another Brick in the Wall” Pink Floyd “Learn to Fly” Foo Fighters.
Unit 6: Learning. How Do We Learn? Learning = a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
Chapter 6 Notes AP Tips. Know about classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlov. Classical conditioning: the repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus.
Jeanne Ormrod Eighth Edition © 2014, 2011, 2008, 2006, 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Educational Psychology Developing Learners.
Chapter 6 Learning. Objectives 6.1 How We Learn Distinguish among three major types of learning theories focusing on behavior. 6.2 Classical Conditioning.
CHAPTER 5: Behavioral and Social Theories of Learning © (2015, 2012, 2009) by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Educational Psychology: Theory.
LEARNING * A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge resulting from experience.
Chapter 5 Learning. What is Learning?  A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience  Learning is adaptive  Three major types.
Section 2: Operant Conditioning.   Operant Conditioning- learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases.
PSYC DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 1: What is Behaviour Therapy?
Chapter 6 LEARNING. Learning Learning – A process through which experience produces lasting change in behavior or mental processes. Behavioral Learning.
Review outline in notes
Interactive Topic Test
ESSENTIALS OF UNDERSTANDING
Learning liudexiang.
Presentation transcript:

Behaviouralism View person as a biological entity, similar to any other mammal Personality is shaped in an effort to adapt to environmental circumstances Shaping is predictable and stable Environment “causes” personality

Behaviouralism Human behaviour is learned Learning occurs through patterns of reinforcement Reinforcements are predictable patterns of reward and punishment Over time, patterns become difficult to extinguish (or “unlearn”)

Conditioning Pavlov: Classical conditioning Pairing of a stimulus and a response Repeated exposure to stimulus provokes predictable responses Basis for “learning” in animals and in humans (e.g. toilet training) Behaviours that are classically conditioned

Conditioning Skinner - Operant Conditioning Premise: Organisms (including humans) are continually in the process of operating within an environment, and are seeking to adapt to it

Operant Conditioning Behaviour: any response to an external stimuli, including an emotion, thought, or action Reinforcing Stimulus: increases the operant (the behaviour occurring immediately prior to stimulus)

Operant Conditioning Principle 1: A behaviour followed by a reinforcing stimulus results in an increased probability of that behaviour occurring in the future Principle 2: A behaviour followed by an aversive stimulus results in decreased probability of that behaviour occurring in the future

Operant Conditioning Principle 3 (Extinction): A behaviour no longer followed by stimulus results in decreased probability of behaviour occurring in the future

Pleasant Stimulus

Aversive Stimulus

Application of Behaviouralism: Behaviour Modification Therapy Goal: To extinguish undesirable behaviour and replace with desirable behaviour Method: Use positive reinforcement techniques

Behaviour Modification Therapy Examples: - lifestyle modifications - smoking cessation - medication adherence

Behaviour Modification Therapy AAntecedent BBehaviour CConsequent

Summary Identify target behaviour Describe environmental conditions Map out antecedents that predict behaviour Map out consequents that positively reinforce behaviour Develop substitute positive reinforcers Implement environmental changes

1. Identify Target Behaviour Compilation of PBI (Problematic Behaviour Inventory) Identify and name key problem (e.g. “smoking” vs. “anxiety” (causing smoking)) Triangulation of data: why is a behaviour a problem, and for whom?

2. Environmental Conditions Social and cultural determinants of behaviour Naming of triggers (people, events) Role of triggers Narrative techniques to elicit information

3. Mapping Antecedents 5 W’s and H Who/what triggers behaviour? Where/when does triggering occur? Why does triggering occur? How does it occur?

4.Mapping Consequents What rules govern positive or negative reinforcement of the behaviour in question? What rewards/punishments are linked to the behaviour?

5.Substitute Reinforcers What reinforcers are already in place? What new ones can be introduced? Avoid punishment (ie. negative reinforcement of negative behaviour) Focus on positive reinforcement of positive behaviour Caution re: coercive exchange

Case Study

Strengths/Limitations of Behaviouralism Strengths: - effective, efficient for children - a “non-psychological” theory Limitations: - limited efficacy in complex situations - can be frustrating, time consuming - requires commitment and energy

As a pharmacist... Help patient identify “patterns” Help patient identify “reinforcers” Don’t rely on education alone Focus on positive reinforcement of positive behaviours Praise and criticism by themselves have limited value; need other reinforcers

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.