States of Matter 4.3 Behavior of Liquids and Gases 4.3 Behavior of Liquids and Gases

I. Diffusion A. Diffusion - the mixing of particles in a gas or liquid II. Pressure A. Pressure - the amount of force applied per unit of area B. Pressure = Force/Area (P = F/A) C. Unit of pressure is pascal (Pa) D. Unit of force is newton (N) E. Unit of surface area is square meters I. Diffusion A. Diffusion - the mixing of particles in a gas or liquid II. Pressure A. Pressure - the amount of force applied per unit of area B. Pressure = Force/Area (P = F/A) C. Unit of pressure is pascal (Pa) D. Unit of force is newton (N) E. Unit of surface area is square meters

F. Pascal’s Principle - pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged through the fluid a. Example: toothpaste tube, water bottle G. Gas Pressure a. More particles in a space the more pressure is created b. Hotter temperatures mean gases move faster and create more pressure F. Pascal’s Principle - pressure applied at any point to a confined fluid is transmitted unchanged through the fluid a. Example: toothpaste tube, water bottle G. Gas Pressure a. More particles in a space the more pressure is created b. Hotter temperatures mean gases move faster and create more pressure

H. Atmospheric Pressure a. Gases are constantly colliding with surfaces b. The higher the altitude the fewer particles per cubic meter c. Creates a difference in pressure d. As atmospheric pressure decreases the boiling point of liquids becomes lower H. Atmospheric Pressure a. Gases are constantly colliding with surfaces b. The higher the altitude the fewer particles per cubic meter c. Creates a difference in pressure d. As atmospheric pressure decreases the boiling point of liquids becomes lower

III. Density and Buoyancy A. Density = Mass/Volume (D = m/V) B. Unit of density is g/mL C. Buoyancy a. Archimedes’ principle - when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid b. Buoyant force is the upward force caused by the displaced fluid III. Density and Buoyancy A. Density = Mass/Volume (D = m/V) B. Unit of density is g/mL C. Buoyancy a. Archimedes’ principle - when an object is placed in a fluid, the object weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the displaced fluid b. Buoyant force is the upward force caused by the displaced fluid

c. Buoyancy - decrease in weight caused by the buoyant force d. If an objects density is less than that of a fluid it floats in the fluid e. If an objects density is greater than that of a fluid it sinks Pg c. Buoyancy - decrease in weight caused by the buoyant force d. If an objects density is less than that of a fluid it floats in the fluid e. If an objects density is greater than that of a fluid it sinks Pg