Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea. Mendelian genetics 4 Trait –variant for a character ex: purple 4 True-breeding –all offspring same variety 4 Hybridization.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Mendelian Genetics.
Advertisements

Mendel and Genes Chapter 14
Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 11 – law of segregation, law of ind. assortment
Mendel and the Gene Idea
1. TECHNIQUE RESULTS Parental generation (P) Stamens Carpel First filial gener- ation offspring (F 1 ) 5 2.
Chapter 11 Mendel & The Gene Idea.
Chapter 9 Patterns of Inheritance
SOLVING GENETICS PROBLEMS Biology Unit 6 Powerpoint #2 / Chapter 11 Mr. Velekei.
Mendel and the Gene Idea
Figure LE 14-2 Removed stamens from purple flower Transferred sperm- bearing pollen from stamens of white flower to egg- bearing carpel of purple.
Mendelian Genetics An Overview. Pea plants have several advantages for genetics. –Pea plants are available in many varieties with distinct heritable.
Genetics  What accounts for the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring?  Are traits blended in the offspring?  Or: are traits inherited.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece.
Chapter 14 Notes Mendel and the gene idea. Concept 14.1 In 1857, Gregor Mendel began breeding peas to study inheritance Geneticists use the term character.
How Much Do You Remember???. Character A heritable feature.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 14 Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account.
Announcements ● Tutoring Center SCI I, 407 M 12-3, 5:30-6:30; W 8-9, 5:30-6:30, Th 8-12, 6-7; F 8-9 ● MasteringBiology Assignment due Tuesday 5/10 ● Exam.
Genetics & The Work of Mendel
4 Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea The Origins of Genetics 4 Heredity: the passing of traits from parents to offspring 4 Gregor Mendel did experiments.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 14 Mendel and the gene idea.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece.
Mendelian Genetics Introduction to Biology. Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell.
Lecture 18 GENETICS. Outline Recombination – crossing over Basic Genetic concepts Genetic terms (Genotype, Phenotype, F1…) Genetic Tools (Punnett Squares,
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea What genetic principles account for the transmission.
1 Gregor Mendel 1822 – 1884 C.E.. Stamens Carpel Parental generation (P) TECHNIQUE
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Mendel & Genetics Review Powerpoint
Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance Chapter 12. Gregor Mendel Austrian Monk with a strong background in plant breeding and mathematics Using pea plants, found.
Chapter 14 Mendelian Genetics. I. Mendel’s Approach Advantages of pea plants for genetic study: – There are many varieties with distinct heritable features,
Gregor Mendel – Father of Genetics 3 minute intro to Mendel/Genetics gZUnJdAY
Genetics Part II: Probability and Pedigree
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the.
Exceptions to Mendelian Genetics & Pedigrees
Chapter 14~Mendel & The Gene Idea Gregor Mendel Modern genetics began in the mid- 1800s in an abbey garden, where a monk named Gregor Mendel documented.
1 4 Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea. 2 Mendel’s Discoveries 4 Blending- Hereditary Material –Both parents contribute genetic material 4 Inheritable.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Fig Answer the following with your partner 1. What does a “pure strain” or true-breeder” mean? Think about Mendel’s pea experiments. 2. What is.
Chapter 14: Mendel & The Gene Idea Quantitative approach to science Pea plants Austrian Monk.
Lecture # 6Date _________ 4 Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 14.1: Mendel used the scientific approach to identify two laws of inheritance.
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea. The “ blending ” hypothesis is the idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together (like blue and.
Genetics: Part III Extending Mendel. Figure 14.8 P Generation F 1 Generation Predictions Gametes EXPERIMENT RESULTS YYRR yyrr yr YR YyRr Hypothesis of.
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea. Mendel’s Ideas based on Observations Alternative alleles account for variations in inherited characteristics For.
Mendel & the Gene Idea.  Bred garden peas in monastery  Character – heritable feature  Trait – variant for a character  Cross-pollinated true-breeding.
Mendelian Genetics Pre-AP Biology. Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned.
Chapter 9 Student 2015 Part CONNECTION: Genetic traits in humans can be tracked through family pedigrees  Mendel’s laws apply to inheritance of.
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole.
Chapter 11~ Mendel & The Gene Idea (So, what else does a monk have to do with his time????) Chapter 11~ Mendel & The Gene Idea (So, what else does a monk.
Mendelian Genetics Or, what’s the story with this “Mendelian” guy?
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea. Overview: Drawing from the Deck of Genes What genetic principles account for the passing of traits from parents to.
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece.
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson Reece Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole.
Mendelian Genetics Introduction to Biology. Gregor Mendel Gregor Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully.
Chapter 14: Mendel & The Gene Idea
Mendel & the gene idea Fig. 14-1
Mendel & the Gene Idea.
Chapter 14 – Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea
Mendel & The Gene Idea Chapter 14
Figure
Mendelian Genetics.
Genetics: Mendel & The Gene Idea.
Lecture # 6 Date _________
Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea
Lecture # 6 Date _________
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 14~ Mendel & The Gene Idea

Mendelian genetics 4 Trait –variant for a character ex: purple 4 True-breeding –all offspring same variety 4 Hybridization –Cross of two pure breeding 4 P generation = parents 4 F 1 generation = first filial generation

Leading to the Law of Segregation 4 Alleles = Different versions of genes –one from each parent 4 If the two alleles are different –the dominant allele is expressed – the recessive allele is “hidden” 4 Mendel’s Law of Segregation –The alleles for each character segregate during gamete production

Genetic vocabulary ……. 4 Punnett square: predicts the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genotype 4 Homozygous: alleles are the same 4 Heterozygous: two alleles are different 4 Phenotype: an organism’s traits (what you SEE) 4 Genotype: an organism’s genetic makeup: TT, Tt, tt 4 Testcross: cross with a homozygous recessive x dominant phenotype (but unknown genotype)

The Law of Independent Assortment 4 Monohybrid cross vs. dihybrid cross 4 The two pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other. 4 Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

LE 14-8 P Generation F 1 Generation YYRR Gametes YR yr yyrr YyRr Hypothesis of dependent assortment Hypothesis of independent assortment Sperm Eggs YR Yr yrYR yr Eggs YYRRYyRr yyrr yR yr Phenotypic ratio 3:1 F 2 Generation (predicted offspring) YYRR YYRrYyRRYyRr YYRrYYrrYyRrYyrr YyRRYyRryyRRyyRr YyRrYyrryyRryyrr Phenotypic ratio 9:3:3:1 YRYryRyr Sperm

Genes working together 4 Incomplete dominance: blending of the phenotypes of the 2 parents. –Ex: snapdragons 4 Codominance: two alleles affect the phenotype in separate ways –Ex: human blood types A & B 4 Multiple alleles: more than 2 possible alleles for a gene. –Ex: human blood types

LE Red C R Gametes P Generation CRCR CWCW White C W Pink C R C W CRCR Gametes CWCW F 1 Generation F 2 Generation Eggs CRCR CWCW CRCR CRCRCRCR CRCWCRCW CRCWCRCW CWCWCWCW CWCW Sperm

Gene Interaction 4 Pleiotropy: genes with multiple phenotypic effect. –Ex: sickle-cell anemia 4 Epistasis: a gene at one locus (chromosomal location) affects the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus. –Ex: mice coat color 4 Polygenic Inheritance: an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character Ex: human skin pigmentation and height

Pleiotropy

LE Sperm BC bCBc bc BbCcBBCcBbCCBBCC BbCC bbCCBbCc bbCc BbccBBcc BbCcBBCc BbCc bbCc Bbcc bbcc BC bC Bc bc BbCc Epistasis

Polygenic inheritance Quantitative variation usually is additive effect of two or more genes on a phenotype Skin color in humans is an example

Human disorders 4 The family pedigree: –Diagram showing family relationships: Circle - female Square - Male 4 Recessive disorders: –Cystic fibrosis –Tay-Sachs –Sickle-cell 4 Dominant disorders:Huntington’s

LE 14-14b First generation (grandparents) Ff FF or Ffff Ff ff Ff Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) Third generation (two sisters) Attached earlobe Free earlobe ffFF or Ff Recessive trait (attached earlobe)

LE 14-14a Wwww Ww wwWwww Ww WWww or Ww No widow’s peak Third generation (two sisters) Widow’s peak Second generation (parents plus aunts and uncles) First generation (grandparents) Dominant trait (widow’s peak)

TESTING Amniocentesis: (between week: 15-18) Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities 4CVS = Chorionic villi (villus) sampling (10-12 weeks)

Bozeman: Mr. Anderson 4 mPXkYhs mPXkYhs