Will only have 1 or 2 questions relating to African Art. –Based on the 4 images I gave you. Test is Primarily Ancient Near East & Egyptian.

UNIT 1 TEST TEST Monday, STUDY! –UNIT 1 Image Packet –UNIT image P.P. on my website –My WEBSITE: Online Resources: Image P.P. by Darrocott ( ARTWORK BY THEMES) –STUDY VOCAB FROM QUIZZES! The FORMAT (will have some images) –Identification –Multiple choice –Short answer –Short essay (2) –Long essay (1)  There will be chance for extra credit points  Will use bell curve if needed  DO NOT SKIP CLASS! MAKE-UP TEST IS ALL LONG ESSAYS.

Wednesday Egyptian Quiz (beginning of class). No longer than 15 minutes. African Art P.P. Reminder: Turn in African Worksheets for late grade. Posters are due tomorrow, please take them home to finish. Grading: Content (50 pts), Display (25pts),and Presentation (25pts)

Thursday Presentations! Turn in African worksheets for Late Grade, or anything else missing! Tomorrow: Review Day

Africa Before 1800-Ch.15 Nok Igbo-Ukwu Ife Djenne Bennin Africa After 1800-Ch.34 Kongo Dogon Yoruba Mende Kuba

Art of Africa

Core Beliefs Honor Ancestor Worship Deities Elevate Rulers to Sacred Status

Nomadic vs. Farmers Nomadic Art: –Personal adornment, rock engravings, animal/ ritual paintings Settled Farmers: –Figures (wood, clay, metal) shrines to ancestor deities. Pray for good crops.

THE ART THEMES: Images of Identity/ Status/ Worship/ Power/ and Gender Roles Naturalism &/or Extreme Stylization (abstract/ exagerations) Materials: wood, terrecotta, ivory, brass (casting), textiles

Below: Head from the Nok culture, c. 500 BCE-200 CE, terracotta Right: Standing Nok figure

Nok culture/ problems of preservation of African art/ stylization vs. naturalism style characteristics: piereced eyes, mouth, & ear holes. Let heat get out during firing. Broken bands on neck, ~ indication of elevated status

Head of a King (Ife), c. 13 th century CE, brass naturalistic sculpture in the city of Ife/ scarification on the face of an oni “King”/ holes along the neck

Right: King (Ife, Nigeria), eleventh to twelfth century, zinc brass Below: Memorial Head (Benin, Nigeria), c CE, brass

Belief: –Head is the Location of Wisdom, Destiny, Essence of Being, & ability to communicate with spiritual forces in the ancestral world.

Head of an oba (Benin), c CE, brass kingdom of Benin/ an “oba” with identification marks (ikharo)/ appearance of casting due to contact with Portuguese traders/ coral-bead necklaces threaded with elephant hair/ eyes with pupils inset with iron

Brass commemorative head with tusk from the altar for Oba Ovonramwen, photographed in 1970

Corn Flakes Make Really Funky Pop- Sicles Content Focus Mood Realistic Function Patron Setting Mounted King and Attendants (Benin), c , bronze

Corn Flakes Make Really Funky Pop- Sicles Content Focus Mood Realism Function Patron Setting

Mounted King and Attendants (Benin), c , bronze high relief cast sculpture created for a door/ use of hierarchical proportion/ flanking figures used to create a symmetrical composition suggesting order reinforced by cosmic imagery or symbolism

Oba wearing coral- beaded regalia and seated on a dais

Africa after 1800

Europeans : –Exploration –Trade –Influences to African Cultures (christianity)

Children & Continuity of Life Children- –symbolize the future. –social security (for parents) Yoruba- 1 of highest rates of twin births Often birth complications (deaths)

Left and Right: Twin figures (ere ibeji) from the Yoruba (Nigeria), 20 th century, wood

Art forms of deceased honored. (dress, dance, sing to it) Belief: honoring will bring good fortune to the surviving members.

Spirit World Many cultures believe there are many different spirits involved for human offers Nkisis: objects that harness spirit forces Diviner: specialist in ritual & spiritual practices

A figure of Eshu of the Yoruba (Nigeria), twentieth century, wood and cowrie shells Eshu (disorder) and Orunmila (order) / mediator between gods and humans/ long braids of cowrie shells, referencing his role as god of the marketplace

Power figures of the Kongo culture (Zaire), 19 th century, wood, nails, pins, blades, and other materials power figures (nkisi nkonde) of the Kongo culture/ bilongo ingredients drawn from plants, animals, and minerals (includes human hair, nail clippings, etc…) to bring a “neutral figure” to life

Nails or pointed objects driven in (or removed) to provide a particular function (oath-taking, healing, etc…)/ “pakalala” pose, a stance of alertness, ready to strike or attract/ problematic issues regarding Western concepts of “art” and “artist”

Ancestral Couple (?) (Dogon, Mali), c. 19 th century, wood Dogon concept of the primordial couple/ protective male and the nurturing female/ reverence for ancestors

Female mask of the Mende (Sierra Leone), wood masks from the Mende worn by priestesses or judges (when women rule for three years in a ritual calendar, alternating with men) in ritual dance/ the Sande society of women (complementary to the Poro society of men)

a small closed mouth and downcast eyes (indicating a serious demeanor) and a high, broad forehead (wisdom)/ black surface evoking ancestral spirits emergent from their underwater homes (also symbolized by the turtle on top)

Lets Analyze!

Corn Flakes Make Really Funky Pop- Sicles Content Focus Mood Realistic Function Patron Setting

Corn Flakes Make Really Funky Pop- Sicles Content Focus Mood Realism Function Patron Setting