The Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao Era Harmonious Society Wanli Hu The China Program Center University of Massachusetts Boston

Contents 1. Mao’s Revolutionary Years Deng Xiaoping’s Economic Reform The Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao Era-A Harmonious Society The Foreign Policy of the Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao Era

Mao’s Revolutionary Years Mission: Consolidate the new regime Ideological Revolution –Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought –Continuous revolution –Revolution-oriented economic development –Equalitarian but poor society Achievements –Gained independence and maintained state sovereignty –Changed an agrarian China into an industrial China Lessons –Lifelong-rule, personal cult and dictatorship –Isolated China from the world –Political, economic & social disasters one after another

Deng Xiaoping’s Economic Reform from1978 to 2002 Mission: Economic development is priority –economic development replaced continuous revolution –Market-oriented economy –Stimulated and justified people’s motivation of making fortune Open-door policy Achievements –China becomes the second largest economy –400 million people are out of poverty –A free-migrant, dimensioned and dynamic society appeared

Deng Xiaoping’s Economic Reform Lessons –GDP-oriented economic development –Political conservative-corruption –Environment deteriorated –No moral guidance –Imbalance The rich vs. the poor ( Gini coefficient is in 2003) East China vs. west China City vs. the countryside Export vs. domestic market –70% of GDP comes from investment and export

Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao Era Build a harmonious society Peaceful development in the world A harmonious Society: –Balance between cities and the countryside –Balance between east and west China –Balance between economic development and healthy society growth –Balance between human beings and environment –Balance between export and domestic market

Balance between city and the countryside Tax exempt in the countryside in 2005 Free education from 1-9 grade in 2011 Urbanization 48%

Balance between east China and west China Help west China catch up east China Infrastructure, transportation, energy and energy transportation, irrigation The Three Gorges Dam, Tibet railroad, gas transportation

Balance between economic development and healthy society growth GDP-oriented economy gave away to a humane society Increased concern for social justice, fairness, and the need to create a social safety net Respect, understand and take care of people, and maximize people’s potential development

Balance between human beings and environment Reduce GDP to 7% in 2011 Sustainable development Renewable and clean energy: China’s investment is $ 54 billion in 2010 (No. 1 in the world) and its solar and wind energy takes 50% of the world.

Balance between Export and Domestic Market Reduce export and stimulate domestic consuming

Limitation of the Hu Jintao Era Stability is priority –Political conservative –No press freedom –Corruption has been more serious

4.. The Foreign Policy of the Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao Era Peaceful development A harmonious world –China respects the current rules which the West made –Sino-US Economic and Strategic Dialogue China won’t challenge the leadership of the US The US should respect China’s core interests

Thank you! Questions?