Physiology=function Anatomy=structure structure aids function Pathology=disease=bad A&P

why study physiology ? because you have to the language of health care recognize disease goals of treatment this is the story of you

functions of living things obtain energy from environment –change to useful form(ATP) obtain and process building materials –digest, absorb, transport communication and control –coordinate functions between tissues make more living things –reproduction, genetics

Organ Systems Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic ; Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive fig 1.3 p6-7

integrated functions movement nutrition fluid balance elimination regulation making more individuals

Homeostasis = similar condition optimum conditions –temperature –blood pressure –glucose levels normal range keep things optimum for survival

homeostasis variablebody function or amount –set point“normal” level receptornotices change –stimulusany change that excites a receptor integration centercompares change to set point effectorcauses response

homeostasis

negative feedback response is opposite to change brings variable back to normal body temp BP glucose

inhibition response shuts off response –low glucose shuts off insulin production end-product inhibition –insulin shuts off insulin production –products shut off chemical reactions antagonsistsopposite effectors

positive feedback response increases the change –labor contractions –blood clotting still has an end pointno stimulus –baby not presentno stretch –clot formedno rough edge

homeodynamics homeostasis is dynamic optimum function for current condition –25 o F. outside –no food for 4 days –lions –exercise dynamic dysequilibrium

physiologic reflexes Sensation  Integration  Response appropriate responses to changes

physiologic reflexes receptornotices change afferent pathwaysensory neurons integration centerbrain endocrine glands efferent pathwaymotor neurons blood effectormuscle, organ, gland

science vs nonscience sciencethings that can be tested nonsciencethings that can be believed

learning science of the earlearn what we are told science of the eyelearn what we can see (sense)

Scientific Method science = deductions from reproducible data we must trust our senses we must trust our methods we analyze what we observe, not what we expect

Scientific Method observation hypothesis experiment –data collection deductions

Scientific Method 2 groups : experimental group –independent variablewe control values –dependent variablechanges w/ independent –elimination of other variables control groupindependent variable doesn’t change used for comparison to experimental group

data analysis - graphing x-axisindependent variable y-axisdependent variable curve –positive correlation –negative correlation