 Similarities  Both are symbolic  Both are rule-guided  Can be intentional or unintentional  Are cultural-bound  Differences  NV communication is "more believable"  Nonverbal can be multi-channeled  Nonverbal is continuous

 Supplements or replaces verbal communication  Regulates interaction  Establishes relationship-level meanings  (responsiveness, liking, power)  Reflects & expresses cultural value  Deception

 Eye Communication  Functions ◦ Monitor Feedback ◦ Maintain Interest and Attention ◦ Regulate the Conversation ◦ Signal the Nature of the Relationship ◦ Compensate for Physical Distance

 Facial Commnication  Management Techniques  Intensifying  Deintensifying  Neutralizing  Universal facial expressions

 Kinesics - body position & motion  Emblems: Nonverbal movements that substitute for words and phrases.  Illustrators: Nonverbal movements that accompany or reinforce verbal messages.  Affect Displays: Nonverbal movements of the face and body used to show emotion.  Regulators: Nonverbal movements that control the flow or pace of communication.  Adaptors: Nonverbal movements that you might perform fully in private but only partially in public. Used to reduce tension or satisfy a need.

 Physical characteristics  Clothing  Artificats

 Paralanguage: not what you say but how you say it.  Tone  Rate  Volume  Pitch  Vocalizations

 Spatial Messages  Personal Space  Space that surrounds a person in which they are made comfortable or uncomfortable. It is a personal bubble of space that moves with you. ◦ Distances  Intimate distance: 0-18 inches  Personal Distance: inches  Social Distance: 4-12 feet  Public Distance: beyond 12 feet  Territoriality ◦ our need to establish and maintain certain spaces as our own. (non-verbal indicators that signal ownership) ◦ In a dorm room- items on the common desk mark territory.

 Many meanings  Touch more in intermediate stages than in initial or established relationships  Facilitates self-disclosure  Playfulness  Power and Control  Ritualistic (shake hands, etc.)  Task-related ◦ interesting -- more touch, more tips

 Touch Avoidance  Avoidance & Communication Apprehension  Low self-disclosers tend to avoid touch  Gender Issues With Touch  Men avoid touching other men; Women are less likely to avoid same-sex touch  Women have higher avoidance of opposite-sex touch.  As we age we avoid opposite sex touch  Women initiate opposite sex touch more often than men. Especially in married relationships.  Opposite sex friends touch more than same-sex friends.

 Monochronic and Polychronic  Monochronic ◦ Does one thing at a time. ◦ Time is very serious! ◦ Job tends to be more important than family even. ◦ Privacy is extremely important.  Seldom borrows or lends  Works independentl  Polychronic ◦ Does several things at a time. ◦ Time is important but not sacred. ◦ Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work. ◦ Actively involved with others.  Cultures...  Monochronic ◦ United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland.  Polychronic ◦ Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians.