Patterns of land use in urban area Example –the United Kingdom (UK)

Think of all the types of land use you would find in an urban area Factories O f f i c e s Houses Shops B u s i n e s s e s Entertainment Parks Places of worship Restaurants

In the UK although all towns and cities are different, most have grown and developed in the same way. Believe it or not there is a PATTERN to it all !

We can show this spatial pattern by using a MODEL – a simplified picture. This is an URBAN MODEL to show the different land use within a town or city. Each different colour sector represents a different type of land use.

Patterns of land use in urban areas Complete the following passage using the words from the box below. Although all towns and cities are different, in the UK most have _______ and developed in the same way. This means that they will all have similar types of ______ ____. As _____________ have grown they have developed a ________ and we can show this using a _______ – a simplified picture. Below is an _______ Model to show the _____ main land uses within a town or city. Urban pattern grown model Six land use settlements

Draw a copy of the Urban Model which looks like this ….. … prepare the key for different colours to show the different types of land use. As we go through the slides you can add main type of land use is in each sector. Shade in the key so that it matches up with your copy of the model. Use the rest of the space in the table to note down some of the things you might find in each of these areas

THE CBD The Central Business District Large Shops Offices Restaurants Cafes Cinemas Theatres Museums This is usually the original site of the settlement. It is centrally located because the rest of the settlement has grown around it.

19 th Century Housing Terraced houses for the factory workers. Some now replaced by high-rise flats. Small Corner shops INNER CITY Located just outside the CBD Houses built near to the factories so that the workers could get to work easily.

Housing Larger houses usually with gardens Some Parks Some rows of shops INNER SUBURBS Newer houses built for the growing population. The land is cheaper the further away from the CBD you go, so houses were built with gardens.

Modern Housing New houses and housing estates New shopping centres Parks and other open areas OUTER SUBURBS The land around the edge of a settlement is much cheaper and there is enough space to build large housing estates.

New Industrial Area Industrial estates and business parks built since 1970, close to main roads They are located close to main roads so that there is easy access for goods and employees

Old Industrial Areas Along a river, canal or railway Many old factories now closed Area may look run down They are located near to rivers, canals and railways because they needed to transport goods in and out of the city.

Making some conclusions…. Why do UK urban areas have this spatial pattern? What are the factors which are responsible for causing this spatial pattern? Can all towns and cities in the UK have this exact spatial pattern? What is the process of a town or city growing called? What are the elements of this process?

URBAN GROWTH IN BRITAIN Started with To this…..

The first settlements appeared when man became a farmer………. Farmers sold their produce at markets so small market towns grew up The first proper large towns appeared when Britain was conquered by………………...

THE ROMANS! The Romans built roads & towns all over Britain. Towns ending in ‘chester’ & ‘cester’ have their origins in Roman times Then the Romans left & town building stopped- people went back to living in smaller settlements

So when did the current cities start to grow? 18th & 19th centuries WHY? THEINDUSTRIALREVOLUTION

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Discoveries of coal and iron ore meant the development of large scale industries This meant the growth of towns for raw materials and ports for export. People flocked to the new towns for work.

At first materials were moved by canal- but this was slow. Something faster was needed….

Trains revolutionised transport The Victorian Age saw unprecedented urban development This is an example of a Victorian station- note the hotel!

Victorian Britain Great Britain The world’s leading industrial country (then not now!) It was this surge in development that meant quick, cheap housing was needed for the influx of workers (think of Coronation Street) This development has continued until today over 93% 0f people in the UK live in urban areas

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What are the spatial patterns of land use in NZ urban areas? Do NZ urban areas have similar spatial patterns to UK urban areas? What about larger e.g. Auckland compared to smaller e.g. Methven? Are urban areas the same in different parts of the world e.g. Australia, Japan, USA, Egypt, Russia, India, China, Fiji, Peru? What are the factors which make or determine the spatial patterns? Are these the factors the same around the world? Or different? What are the factors which have influenced the growth and spatial patterns of the urban area of Methven?

Models

The Von Thunen Model