* Set up for “Memory” * Create flashcards for: * Perimysium * Synergist * Aerobic * Leukocytes * Plasma * Eccentric contraction * Leukemia * Motor Unit * Smooth Muscle * Tendon

Attaches to bone/face skin Long, cylindrical, striated Voluntary Skeletal Walls of the heart Involuntary Rhythmic contraction Cardiac Walls of hollow organs Involuntary, hormones/nervous system Slow contraction Smooth

1. Producing Movement 2. Maintain posture and position 3. Stabilize joints 4. Generate heat

* Type I – Slow twitch * Type II – Fast twitch * Type II(a) * Type II(b)

* Oxygen efficient * Necessary for extended muscle contraction (over time) * Longer time before fatige

* Anaerobic * Speed and strength * Fatigue quickly * Type II(a) * Combination of type I and type II * Type II(b) * Classic fast twitch * Rapid firing

* In what areas of the body are you likely to NOT find type 1 fibers, only type II fibers?

* What are the 6 parts of that make up muscle tissue? * Muscle Fiber * Endomysium * Fascicle * Perimysium * Epimysium * Tendon

* At a much smaller level, myofibrils are made up of smaller myofilaments * Myofilaments composed of 2 different types of contractile proteins, Actin and Myosin * Slide past each other to create a shortening (contraction)

* All muscle must be stimulated * In between axon and muscle is a neuromuscular junction * Motor axon breaks into several branches called axon terminals * Each branch forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle cell * 1 neuron stimulates many muscle fibers * Motor unit – neuron and all the muscles it stimulates

* Neuron and muscle fibers DO NOT touch * Separated by small, fluid filled gap called the synaptic cleft * Acetylcholine (neurontransmitter) carries the impulse across the gap and delivers the message * If enough acetylcholine is released, the permeability of the receiver changes, allowing for sodium to enter the surface * Results in possible muscle contraction

* What are the 3 types of muscle contraction? Explain each one * Isometric * Concentric * Eccentric

* Direct Phosphorylation * Phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate (CP) * Creatine Phosphate found in muscles * As ATP depletes, CP and ADP react to create ATP and Creatine * Muscles store about 5x as much CP as ATP * CP stores are quickly depleated as well (15 seconds)

* Aerobic Respiration * At rest, during light or moderate exercise, the majority of ATP used for muscle contraction comes from Aerobic Respiration * 95% * Occurs in mitochondria of the cell * Glucose is broken down to CO 2 and water * Energy released from broken bonds are captured in ATP molecules * What happens to the CO 2 ? * 32 ATP per 1 glucose * Slow and requires continuous oxygen and fuel

* Anaerobic glycolysis * Does not require oxygen * Occurs in cytosol * Glucose broken down to pyruvic acid and small amounts of energy are captured in ATP bonds * 2 ATP per 1 glucose * If enough oxygen is present, pyruvic acid enters mitochondria and follows aerobic pathway * When exercise becomes intense, pyruvic acid turns to lactic acid and process is referred to as anaerobic glycolysis

* Muscle fatigue – when muscles are exercised strenuously for a long time * Unable to contract even though it is being stimulated * Contractions will weaken until they are no longer possible * Muscle fatigue due to oxygen deficit * Not able to keep up with oxygen demand * Muscles lack oxygen, lactic acid accumulates

* Use the worksheet to sequence the steps of a muscle contraction * Bring to class on Monday

* Set up for “Memory” * Create flashcards for: * Perimysium * Synergist * Aerobic * Leukocytes * Plasma * Eccentric contraction * Leukemia * Motor Unit * Smooth Muscle * Tendon