Salamanca 10 Years Hence Mel Ainscow University of Manchester

Agenda What do we mean by inclusion in education? How can policy and practice be moved in an inclusive direction? What are the implications for our work?

The Salamanca Statement Regular schools with an inclusive orientation are the most effective means of combating discriminatory attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an inclusive society and achieving education for all; moreover they provide an effective education for the majority of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately the cost-effectiveness of the entire education system.

Principles School Review And development Forms of evaluation Education DepartmentCommunity Inclusive Education: What are the levers for change?

Reaching out to all learners See differences as opportunities for learning Identify barriers to participation Make use of available resources Develop a language of practice Encourage risk taking Start with existing knowledge

The Index for Inclusion Policies Practices Cultures

An example Indicators: 1. Lessons are appropriate for all children in the class 2. Teachers adjust lessons in response to pupil reactions 3. Teachers employ a variety of teaching strategies and styles 4. Staff respond positively to difficulties experienced by pupils

‘ The more group members work together to get the job done, the more members care about each other. The more group members care about each other, the harder they work to get the job done. The more group members work together to get the job done, the greater their social competencies and psychological health becomes …’ (Johnson and Johnson, 2002).