2013 Fall 1 Chapter 1: The Database Environment 楊立偉教授 台灣大學工管系.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
Advertisements

The Database Environment
Prentice Hall, Database Systems Week 1 Introduction By Zekrullah Popal.
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
網際網路資料庫連結 2004 Php Web Programming. 上完這段課程,你將學會  一般靜態網頁與互動式網頁的區別。  網際網路上大量資料的存取。  資料庫的角色與功能。  Web Server 的角色與功能。  網際網路資料庫的應用。  基本的程式寫作技巧及網頁的應用。
第二章 研究主題(研究題 目)與研究問題.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. 肆 資料分析與表達.
亞洲大學 - 蒲公英計劃 Office InfoPath 2007 軟體簡介 資訊發展處 潘信宏。蔡季甫 分機 3511.
BY OX. 檢視表與資料表的差異性 查詢 (query) 檢視表 (View) 的紀錄,是經由查詢 (query) 而來,而檢 視表的資料來源可以是單一資料表或是多資料表,甚 至其他檢視表 但檢視表中的紀錄只存在資料表中.
進入實習機構(一): 實習過程中之關係建立
消費者物價指數反映生活成本。當消費者物價指數上升時,一般家庭需要花費更多的金錢才能維持相同的生活水準。經濟學家用物價膨脹(inflation)來描述一般物價持續上升的現象,而物價膨脹率(inflation rate)為物價水準的變動百分比。
各種線上電子資源的特異功能 STICnet 的 SDI 專題訂閱服務 2003/4/28 修改. 無論校內外皆可使用。連線至
中央大學。范錚強 1 從 ER 到 Logical Schema ── 兼談 Schema Integration 國立中央大學 資訊管理系 范錚強 2005.
Department of Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering/ National Taipei University of Technology 模糊控制設計使用 MATLAB 李達生.
CH07分析工業產品市場 中興大學行銷學系 黃文仙
Chapter 13 塑模靜態觀點:物件圖 Static View : Object Diagram.
第 1 章 認識資料庫系統 著作權所有 © 旗標出版股份有限公司.
最新計算機概論 第 5 章 系統程式. 5-1 系統程式的類型 作業系統 (OS) : 介於電腦硬體與 應用軟體之間的 程式,除了提供 執行應用軟體的 環境,還負責分 配系統資源。
8-1 Chapter 8 技術與流程 組織的技術 製造業的核心技術 服務業的核心技術 非核心技術與組織管理 工作流程的相依性.
 Prentice Hall Chapter 101 了解群體並發展 為有效能的團隊.  Prentice Hall Chapter 102 學習目標 比較群體與團隊 描述三種類型的團隊 團隊團結與產能之間的關係 解釋群體懈怠 解釋所謂的葡萄藤.
台灣客家知識治理之研究 -- 以 行政院客委會為例 發表人: 彭安麗 南華大學公共行政與政策研究所助理教授 發表人: 彭安麗 南華大學公共行政與政策研究所助理教授
行政院國家科學委員會工程技術發展處自動化學門 * 試以國立成功大學製造工程研究所 鄭芳田教授 產學合作計畫 : 智慧預測保養系統之設計與實作 成果報告盤點為範例 國科會工程處專題計畫成果典藏 自動化學門成果報告盤點範例.
1 Introduction The Database Environment. 2 Web Links Google General Database Search Database News Access Forums Google Database Books O’Reilly Books Oracle.
資料庫程式設計與系統管理 SQL Server 2005 Express 第六章 進階資料庫設計.
電子化政府的新架構: 建立以知識管理為主的政府資訊網服務入口網站 (A New Infrastructure for E-Government: Building A Knowledge Management Portal for E-Government Services) 胡毓忠教授政治大學資訊科學.
生產系統導論 生產系統簡介 績效衡量 現代工廠之特徵 管理機能.
教材名稱:網際網路安全之技術及其應用 (編號: 41 ) 計畫主持人:胡毓忠 副教授 聯絡電話: 教材網址: 執行單位: 政治大學資訊科學系.
6-2 認識元件庫與內建元件庫 Flash 的元件庫分兩種, 一種是每個動畫專 屬的元件庫 (Library) ;另一種則是內建元 件庫 (Common Libraries), 兩者皆可透過 『視窗』功能表來開啟, 以下即為您說明。
Management Abstracts Retrieval System; MARS 檢索操作.
Section 4.2 Probability Models 機率模式. 由實驗看機率 實驗前先列出所有可能的實驗結果。 – 擲銅板:正面或反面。 – 擲骰子: 1~6 點。 – 擲骰子兩顆: (1,1),(1,2),(1,3),… 等 36 種。 決定每一個可能的實驗結果發生機率。 – 實驗後所有的實驗結果整理得到。
2010 MCML introduction 製作日期: 2010/9/10 製作人 : 胡名霞.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 管理資訊系統. 企業的五大資源 人力 (Personnel) 人力 (Personnel) 資料 (Material) 資料 (Material) 機器設備 (Machines) 機器設備 (Machines) 金錢 (Money) 金錢.
網路介紹及其運用 講師陳炯勳. 5-2 IP 協定 ( 一 ) IP 協定運作 (1) – 網路成員:主機 (Host) 與路由器 (Router) – 路由表 – 電報傳輸運作.
© 2007 by Prentice Hall 1 Chapter 1: The Database Environment Modern Database Management 8 th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. McFadden.
概念性產品企劃書 呂學儒 李政翰.
1 © 2011 台灣培生教育出版 (Pearson Education Taiwan). 2 學習目標 1. 當面對可預測的變異性時,同步管理並改善供應鏈 中的供給。 2. 當面對可預測的變異性時,同步管理並改善供應鏈 中的需求。 3. 當面對可預測的變異性時,使用總體規劃將利潤最 大化。
 Prentice Hal Chapter 151 新興的領導議題.  Prentice Hal Chapter 152 學習目標 比較交換型與轉換型領導 定義魅力領導者的特質 確認有願景領導者所展現出來的技能 解釋構思如何影響領導 描述追隨者如何依賴領導者.
Chapter 1: The Database Environment and Development Process
Knowledge Management System -for Agenda 顏亦笛 陳靖宜 指噵教授 : 劉寶均教授 指噵公司 : 安捷達.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. 壹 企業研究導論.
實體關係模型 (ER Model).
MIS之何去何從 朝陽資管 劉熒潔.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. 肆 資料分析與表達.
啤酒遊戲- 供應鍊模擬 Dr. CK Farn 2006 Spring. 中央大學。范錚強 2 模擬設定 過度簡化的供應鍊 銷售桶裝啤酒 角色 工廠(倉庫) 配銷商 大盤商 零售商.
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
Chapter 1 1 © Prentice Hall, 2002 Database Design Dr. Bijoy Bordoloi Introduction to Database Processing.
Chapter 1 1 © Prentice Hall, 2002 Database Design Dr. Bijoy Bordoloi Introduction to Database Processing.
CHAPTER 1: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Modern Database Management 11 th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer, V. Ramesh, Heikki Topi © 2013 Pearson.
Chapter 1: The Database Environment and Development Process
Chapter 1: The Database Environment and Development Process
Exploring Mediation Between Environmental and Structural Attributes: The Penetration of Communication Technologies in Manufacturing Organizations 陳志凡
© 2007 by Prentice Hall 1 Introduction to databases.
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 Chapter 1: The Database Environment Modern Database Management 9 th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer,
Database System Introduction to Database Environment October 31, 2009 Software Park, Bangkok Thailand Pree Thiengburanathum College of Arts and Media Chiang.
Chapter 1 Chapter 1: The Database Environment Modern Database Management 8 th Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Mary B. Prescott, Fred R. McFadden © 2007 by Prentice.
THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of.
1 Database Systems Instructor: Nasir Minhas Assistant Professor UIIT PMAS-AAUR
Chapter 1 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Chapter 1: The Database Environment and Development Process Modern Database Management.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. CHAPTER 1: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Modern Database Management 12 th Edition Jeff Hoffer,
Lecture 2.
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
CHAPTER 1: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
The Database Environment
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
Chapter 1: The Database Environment
The Database Environment
Presentation transcript:

2013 Fall 1 Chapter 1: The Database Environment 楊立偉教授 台灣大學工管系

Chapter 1 2 Definitions Database: organized collection of logically related data Database: organized collection of logically related data Data: stored representations of meaningful objects and events Data: stored representations of meaningful objects and events Structured: numbers, text, dates 結構性 Structured: numbers, text, dates 結構性 Unstructured: images, video, documents 非結構性 Unstructured: images, video, documents 非結構性 Information: data processed to increase knowledge in the person using the data Information: data processed to increase knowledge in the person using the data Metadata: data that describes the properties and context of user data 描述資料用的註記 Metadata: data that describes the properties and context of user data 描述資料用的註記

Chapter 1 3 Figure 1-1a Data in context 範例 : 修課清單 Context helps users understand data 有哪些種類的資料? 有哪些欄位?

Chapter 1 4 Graphical displays turn data into useful information that managers can use for decision making and interpretation 提供決策與解釋之用 Figure 1-1b Summarized data 摘要 ( 描述性 ) 資料

Chapter 1 5 Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types 資料型別, field sizes 欄位長度, allowable values 合法值, and data context 資料來源與描述

Chapter 1 6 Disadvantages of File Processing 1. Program-Data Dependence 程式與資料相依 All programs maintain metadata for each file they use All programs maintain metadata for each file they use 2. Duplication of Data Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same data Different systems/programs have separate copies of the same data 3. Limited Data Sharing No centralized control of data No centralized control of data 4. Lengthy Development Times Programmers must design their own file formats 欠缺統一格式 Programmers must design their own file formats 欠缺統一格式 5. Excessive Program Maintenance 80% of information systems budget 80% of information systems budget 如果不存在資料庫,就只能存在檔案中,缺點是 …

Chapter Problems with Data Dependency Each programmer must maintain his/her own data 不同人 ( 或系統 ) 得維護自己的資料 Each programmer must maintain his/her own data 不同人 ( 或系統 ) 得維護自己的資料 Each program needs to include code for the metadata of each file 得在程式中自己定義資料種類 Each program needs to include code for the metadata of each file 得在程式中自己定義資料種類 Each program must have its own processing routines for reading, inserting, updating, and deleting data 在程式中自己處理各項資料操作 Each program must have its own processing routines for reading, inserting, updating, and deleting data 在程式中自己處理各項資料操作 Lack of coordination and central control 欠缺控管 Lack of coordination and central control 欠缺控管 Non-standard file formats 沒有標準格式 Non-standard file formats 沒有標準格式 若不將資料分離開,而程式與資料是相依的話 …

Chapter 1 8 Duplicate Data 某大傢俱公司的三個部門 ( 系統 )

Chapter Problems with Data Redundancy Waste of space to have duplicate data 浪費儲存空間 Waste of space to have duplicate data 浪費儲存空間 Causes more maintenance headaches 需更多維護成本 Causes more maintenance headaches 需更多維護成本 The biggest problem: The biggest problem: Data changes in one file could cause inconsistencies 造成資料不一致性 Data changes in one file could cause inconsistencies 造成資料不一致性 Compromises in data integrity Compromises in data integrity 重複資料的問題 破壞資料整體性

Chapter 1 10 SOLUTION: The DATABASE Approach Central repository of shared data 集中儲存 Central repository of shared data 集中儲存 Data is managed by a controlling agent Data is managed by a controlling agent 統一管理 統一管理 Stored in a standardized, convenient form 標準並方便處理的格式 Stored in a standardized, convenient form 標準並方便處理的格式 Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)

Chapter 1 11 Database Management System (DBMS) DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases Order Filing System Invoicing System Payroll System DBMS Central database Contains employee, order, inventory, pricing, and customer data 集中儲存 存取統一控制 不同系統

Chapter 1 12 Advantages of the Database Approach Program-data independence 程式與資料獨立切開 Program-data independence 程式與資料獨立切開 Planned data redundancy 避免資料重複 Planned data redundancy 避免資料重複 Improved data consistency 改善資料一致性 Improved data consistency 改善資料一致性 Improved data sharing 讓資料可共用 Improved data sharing 讓資料可共用 Increased application development productivity Increased application development productivity加快應用程式開發 Enforcement of standards 標準的資料格式 Enforcement of standards 標準的資料格式 Improved data quality 改善資料品質 Improved data quality 改善資料品質 Improved data accessibility and responsiveness Improved data accessibility and responsiveness更好的資料存取性與回應 Reduced program maintenance 減少維護成本 Reduced program maintenance 減少維護成本

Chapter 1 13 Costs and Risks of the Database Approach New, specialized personnel 需要專人處理 New, specialized personnel 需要專人處理 Installation and management cost and complexity 資料庫安裝與管理成本 Installation and management cost and complexity 資料庫安裝與管理成本 Conversion costs 轉換資料或系統的成本 Conversion costs 轉換資料或系統的成本 Need for explicit backup and recovery Need for explicit backup and recovery需要確實備份與復原 Organizational conflict Organizational conflict可能會造成組織衝突

Chapter 1 14 Elements of the Database Approach Data models 資料模型 Data models 資料模型 Graphical system capturing nature and relationship of data Graphical system capturing nature and relationship of data Enterprise Data Model–high-level entities and relationships for the organization Enterprise Data Model–high-level entities and relationships for the organization Project Data Model–more detailed view, matching data structure in database or data warehouse Project Data Model–more detailed view, matching data structure in database or data warehouse Relational Databases 關聯式資料庫 Relational Databases 關聯式資料庫 Database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships Database technology involving tables (relations) representing entities and primary/foreign keys representing relationships Use of Internet Technology 使用網路技術 Use of Internet Technology 使用網路技術 Networks and telecommunications, distributed databases, client- server, and 3-tier architectures Networks and telecommunications, distributed databases, client- server, and 3-tier architectures Database Applications 資料庫應用 Database Applications 資料庫應用 Application programs used to perform database activities (create, read, update, and delete 增查修刪 CRUD) for database users Application programs used to perform database activities (create, read, update, and delete 增查修刪 CRUD) for database users

Chapter 1 15 Segment of an enterprise data model Segment of a project-level data model Figure 1-2 Comparison of enterprise and project level data models

Chapter 1 16 此稱為 Entity 此稱為 Relationship 此稱為 Entity-Relationship Model (E-R model)

Chapter 1 17 Figure 1-5 Components of the Database Environment

Chapter 1 18 Components of the Database Environment CASE Tools – computer-aided software engineering CASE Tools – computer-aided software engineering Repository – centralized storehouse of metadata Repository – centralized storehouse of metadata Database Management System (DBMS) – software for managing the database Database Management System (DBMS) – software for managing the database Database – storehouse of the data Database – storehouse of the data Application Programs – software using the data Application Programs – software using the data User Interface – text and graphical displays to users User Interface – text and graphical displays to users 角色 Data/Database Administrators – personnel responsible for maintaining the database 角色 Data/Database Administrators – personnel responsible for maintaining the database 角色 System Developers – personnel responsible for designing databases and software 角色 System Developers – personnel responsible for designing databases and software 角色 End Users – people who use the applications and databases 角色 End Users – people who use the applications and databases

Chapter 1 19 The Range of Database Applications Personal databases Personal databases Workgroup databases Workgroup databases Departmental/divisional databases Departmental/divisional databases Enterprise database Enterprise database Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems Data warehousing implementations Data warehousing implementations 各種資料庫應用系統 – 會用到資料庫的程式 ( 非常多 )

Chapter 1 20 Table 1-6 Summary of Database Applications 各種資料庫應用系統的比較表

Chapter 1 21 人事資料庫系統 畫面範例

Chapter 1 22 Figure 1-7 Workgroup database with wireless local area network 部署在無線區域網路 的資料庫系統範例

Chapter 1 23 Enterprise Database Applications Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Integrate all enterprise functions (manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, inventory, accounting, human resources) Integrate all enterprise functions (manufacturing, finance, sales, marketing, inventory, accounting, human resources) 相當於 進銷存 + 財會 + 人資總務 相當於 進銷存 + 財會 + 人資總務 Data Warehouse 資料倉儲 Data Warehouse 資料倉儲 Integrated decision support system derived from various operational databases Integrated decision support system derived from various operational databases

Chapter 1 24 Figure 1-8 An enterprise data warehouse 資料倉儲 : 包含 / 匯整了整個企業所有的資料

Chapter 1 25 Web-Enabled Databases Web applications requiring databases Customer relationship management (CRM) 顧客關係管理 Ex. 網路客服系統 Business-to-consumer (B2C) 面對消費者的電子商務 Ex. PChome Electronic data interchange (EDI) 電子資料交換 Ex. 網路報稅或網路銀行轉帳結清 需要資料庫的各種網路應用系統