FUNGI

Plants vs. Fungi Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize, fungi do not Plants have roots, leaves, and stems, fungi do not Plant cell walls are polysaccharide cellulose, fungal cell walls are not

General Characteristics eukaryote Fungi General Characteristics eukaryote absorptive heterotroph - saprobe or parasite cell walls made of chitin multicellular (except for yeast) reproduce with spores

Basic Structure Hyphae- thin filaments making up a fungus (some called rhizoids help to anchor the fungus) Mycelium- mass of tangled filaments (hyphae); most of these are in soil or embedded in host’s tissue Fruiting body­- reproductive structure; what you see Spores- thick-walled; located at tips of some hyphae; for reproduction

Structure hyphae Fungi

Structure mycelium Fungi

extracellular digestion enzymes are secreted into food source food source is digested by enzymes nutrients are absorbed by fungus Fungi

fungal spores dispersed Spores that reach food source – germinate Life Cycle fungal spores dispersed Spores that reach food source – germinate hyphae penetrate into food Nutrients are absorbed mycelium grows from the food fruiting body is made releases spores Read pages 591 and 592 Fungi

Fungi are diverse and are classified based on their reproductive structures (how they produce spores)

common name - common molds ex – bread mold reproduction Phylum Zygomycota common name - common molds ex – bread mold reproduction asexual – spores from sporangium sexual - zygospore forms when hyphae of different sexes fuse together; thick walled zygospore is formed uses – parasite, saprobe Fungi

common name – club fungi Phylum Basidiomycota common name – club fungi ex – mushrooms, shelf fungi, smuts, rusts, puffballs reproduction basidiospores basidia – club shaped structure where spores form on gills uses – many are edible; plant disease; poisonous (toadstools) Fungi

smuts rusts stinkhorn shelf fungi

Fungi puff balls mushrooms

ex – yeast, powdery mildews, morels reproduction Phylum Ascomycota common name – sac fungi ex – yeast, powdery mildews, morels reproduction asexual – conidiophores (clusters of spores) sexual – ascospores produces in ascus (sac like structure) uses – brewing, baking, research, plant diseases, some are edible Fungi

Morels Yeast Powdery mildews Fungi Morels Yeast Powdery mildews

common name – imperfect fungi Phylum Deuteromycota common name – imperfect fungi ex – penicillium, ring worm, athlethe’s foot, jock itch reproduction only asexual uses – penecillin / antibiotics, soy sauce, bleu cheese, citric acid Fungi

Fungi ring worm

Athlete’s foot (ring worm) Nail fungus Fungi Athlete’s foot (ring worm) Nail fungus

mutualistic relationship Phylum mycophycota common name – lichen mutualistic relationship fungus & green algae, neither could live alone algae provides food, fungus provides protection and minerals reproduction (skip) uses – food for animals, pioneer species, starts soil in some places Fungi

Fungi lichen

Good and Bad Things About Fungi The Good Decomposers (nutrient cycling) Some medicines Penicillin Some food Blue cheese Mushrooms Habitat The Bad Some poisonous Some parasitic Some disease-causing Athlete’s foot Ringworm Yeast infections/ jock itch