OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

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OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES

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Presentation transcript:

OPPORTUNISTIC MYCOSES @ Fail to induce disease in most normal persons but may do so in those with impaired host defenses (AIDS). @ They include: # Candida # Cryptococcus # Aspergillus # Mucor and Rhizopus

CANDIDA @ C. albicans causes thrush, vaginitis, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Properties: @ C albicans is an oval yeast-like fungus with a single bud @ Part of normal flora of URT, GIT and female genital tracts.

@ In tissues appears as yeasts or as pseudohyphae-not true hyphae. @ Sugar fermentation differentiate it from C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. glabrata. Transmission : @ As a member of normal flora, it is not transmitted.

Diseases: @ C. albicans produces: * Mouth : white patches (thrush). * Vulva and vagina: itching & vaginal discharge, favored by high pH, diabetes, or antibiotics. * Fingers & nails: causes paronychia * Drug abusers: causes endocarditis

Laboratory Diagnosis: @ In exudates or tissues, budding and pseudohyphae are seen microscopically. @ Such specimens grow yeast cells when cultured on Sabouraud's medium @ Germ tubes form in serum at 37ºC, distinguish C. albicans from most other Candida species .

@ Chlamydospores are formed by C. albicans only . @ Serologic testing is rarely helpful. @ Skin tests are positive in normal adults & used as an indicator of good cellular immunity. @ A person who does not respond to Candida antigens in skin test has deficient cell-mediated immunity.

Treatment & Prevention: @ Candida infections are treated by fluconazole, nystatin, or ketoconazole, @ Amphotericin B is given for severe Candida infections @ Thrush is prevented by nystatin . @ There is no vaccine.