Chapter 24, Section 2

 “Peace without Victory” ◦ Failed  Began to Lobby for a stronger Army  Wilson ran on the slogan, “He kept us out of War” ◦ Race was close between Charles Evan Hughes

 After February 1, 1917 Germany warned nations they would sink any ships nearing Britain ◦ Wilson broke off ties with Germany  Why didn’t he just tell company’s to stop shipping?

 February, Wilson learned that Arthur Zimmermann, German’s foreign secretary, had sent a secret note the German minister in Mexico  Zimmermann telegram instructed the German minister to convince Mexico to attack the US if they declared War on Germany ◦ In return they would give back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

 Wilson did not agree with the government in Russia ◦ Dictatorship  March 1917 after many years in war, economic hardship at home, shortage of food, and discontent the Czar was overthrown ◦ Democratic reforms  Wilson could support the Allies

 April 2, 1917 President Wilson asked Congress to declare war ◦ Congress voted for war  April 6, the president signed the declaration of war

 Raising an Army  Selective Service Act ◦ Men from to register for war  Educating the Troops  25 percent were illiterate ◦ Taught how to fight, read, eat nutritiously, and care for daily health needs  New reforms in schools

 Wilson set up government agencies  Food Administration  Herbert Hoover was in charge of keeping the troops fed ◦ “Victory Gardens” ◦ “Wheatless Monday” ◦ “Meatless Tuesday”

 War Industries Board ◦ Told factories what they had to produce. ◦ Provided for sharing of limited resources and decided what prices should be set  War Labor Board ◦ Settle disputes over working hours and wages and tried to prevent strikes  Unions were backed by the government

 Liberty Bonds- American citizens were lending money to the government to pay for the war ◦ 21 billion  Four minute men  Women Workers ◦ Assembled weapons, airplane parts, drove trolley cars, and delivered mail

 Anti-German Prejudice  Schools stop teaching the German language  1918 Mob lynched Robert Prager ◦ Born in Germany ◦ Mob leaders never convicted

 Great Migrations ◦ The draft drained cities and factories of needed workers  African Americans  Mexican Americans ◦ Competition for housing and jobs sometimes led to race riots ◦ When veterans returned and unemployment grew, the United States tried to force Mexican workers to return to Mexico

 Pacifists- people who refuse to fight in any war because they believe the war is evil  Socialist believes that the people as a whole rather than private individuals should own all property and share the profits from all businesses  Espionage act- crime to criticize the government or interfere with the war effort. ◦ Eugene V. Debs- jailed for protesting the draft  13 th amendment  Enslavement and servitude  10 years in jails