Questions and Theories

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Advertisements

An Introduction to Personality and Personal Growth

Chapter 18 International Channel Perspectives. The International Perspective 18 Objective 1: W hat drives the need to focus on international markets?

You live with a group of people ( your family) friends, classmates, fellow club or team members, people at your workplace all of these could be groups.

History Revision Semester II. Content – events, people, places, dates, political crisis, international events and/or influences, experiences of groups.

Curriculum Planning: The Human Dimension

1 Attitudes ► An attitude is a positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea. ► Attitudes can be based on three general classes of.

WHAT SORTS OF QUESTIONS COULD YOU ASK ABOUT CHANGES IN CANADIAN SOCIETY?  Consider these: Which area of Canadian life has changed the most? What factors.

Social Change Unit II: Culture.

Motivation Why are you doing it? These reasons may include a drive, a need, a desire to achieve a goal, a state of being, or an ideal. In human beings,

Schedule for Today Discussion – Cognitive Constancy Theories Discussion – Cognitive Constancy Theories Presentation – Social Norm Theory Presentation –

 Acquiescence - the reluctant acceptance of something without protest.  internalisation - the process of acceptance of a set of norms and values established.

Lecture 5. Political Culture and Political Socialization

Social Psychology Lecture 10

Social Psychology The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Not only do our attitudes influence what we do, what we do can sometimes influence our attitudes.

Psychology Studying the mind of the individual. Who are these Psychologists? They study how and why humans act as they do They study how and why humans.

Social Psychology— Attitudes AP Psychology. What is Attitude? predisposition to evaluate some people, groups, or issues in a particular way can be negative.

Anthropologists say culture is a system of ideas, values, behaviours, & attitudes shared by the members of a society Sociologists believe culture refers.

ATTITUDES: MAKING SOCIAL JUDGMENTS

The Social Sciences & Theories February 17th, 2015

Social Change Unit 2. WITHOUT SPEAKING!!!  If you were a world leader, what change would you make? 1. Without telling anyone write it down on your piece.

Social Change Why it does and doesn’t happen “Never doubt that a small group of committed citizens can change the world, indeed it’s the only thing that.

How do we develop attitudes?. Describe your attitude to this TV show. Is it positive, negative or ambivalent? Describe the factors that you think have.

ATTITUDES Psychological Aspects. LEARNING OUTCOMES Definitions and components of attitudes Influences on formation of an attitude and influences on behaviour.

study of how and why humans act as they do Instead of studying how humans function in cultures or societies, psychology focuses on the individual, and.

OB = Organisational Behaviour (meaning: behaviour within organisations): focuses on the description & explanation of the causes and effects of individual.

Political Science Al-Bayan Bilingual School

Anthropology. What is Anthropology?  Anthropology is the board study of humankind around the world and throughout time.  It is concerned with both the.

Chapter #2. Focus their investigation of social change on people’s behaviours and attitudes ( link between what people do and what they think) Psychologists.

Values, Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: The Manager as a Person chapter three Copyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Working in Groups 1.  Working in groups may be one of the most important skills you learn in college.  The ability to work in groups is an essential.

Psychological Questions. The Psychological Questions Psychologists focus on people ’ s behaviours and attitudes (e.g. social problem of drinking and driving).

What What is this statement referring to?. Technology’s impact: Positive… Negative…

The Learning Approach  Focuses on how experiences shape behavior  Has two branches: Behaviorists believe that people learn socially desirable behaviors.

Sociological Questions. The Sociological Questions Sociologists tend to focus on the massive shifts in the behaviours and attitudes of groups and whole.

Conditions for and Impediments to Social Change Some societies experience greater social change than others. In cases where social institutions have lost.

Sociology and Social Change  Examine massive shifts in behaviour and attitudes of groups or whole societies.

1 Dealing With Threats to The Self Part 2. 2 Motivated reasoning The tendency to interpret information in a way that favors pre-existing beliefs and desires.

Unit 2: Social Change. What is Social Change? Changes in the way society is organized Changes in the beliefs/practices of the people Expect enormous political,

Theoretical Perspectives THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Disciplines are specific branches of learning. Identifies a point of view based.

Anthropology and Social Change Anthropologists regard CULTURES, the focus of their studies as constantly changing organisms.

Attitudes Sue Young. Attitudes Definitions An attitude is a state of readiness directed at an attitude object. It may be general or specific, and positive.

Changing Behaviour Attitudes.

Q. Characteristics of the Situation “When you’ve exhausted all possibilities, remember this: You haven’t!” ~Robert H. Schuller Chapter 11.

Social Change. Definition: may refer to the notion of social progress or sociocultural evolution or paradigmatic change or social revolution or social.

Leadership & Team Work. Team Cohesion An effective team has cohesion, the team members work well together and share similar goals Cohesion is influenced.

Peer Pressure The influence exerted by a peer group encouraging a person to change his or her attitudes, values, or behavior in order to conform to group.

The Rules of Sociological Method, Durkheim (1895) Tamara Sole Clark Backus HOL 8100 Organizational Culture.

Other Stuff Famous Folks Group Behavior Individual Behavior Culture & Expectations

Sociology. The study of society and social behaviour.

2/16/2016G Dowdel Sports Psychology1 A2 Psychology of Sport Attitude wk 3 Skills Lesson Starter Get out plain piece of paper and a pen Working as a team.

FORCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE. Forces of Social Change “ Everyone over the age of forty is an immigrant” - Margaret Mead Cultural anthropologist.

“We cannot live for ourselves alone.” - Herman Melville - Social Psychologists study how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Forces of Social Change “Everyone over the age of forty is an immigrant” - Margaret Mead.

PSY.CognitiveDissonance. Agree or Disagree? 1.World hunger is a serious problem that needs attention. 2.Our country needs to address the growing number.

Link to this video:

ATTITUDE Members: Siva Sagar D K Sonal Maheswari Sunil Kumar N Syed Zeeshan Varun Anil.

Immigration: Social Inhibitors Impact on the Increasing Rates of Crime Amongst Latino Populations Alia Scott Honors Program.

Social Thinking: Attitudes & Prejudice. What is an attitude? Predisposition to evaluate some people, groups, or issues in a particular way Can be negative.

Social Psychology the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

THE CHALLENGE OF CHANGE

ORIGINS AND INFLUENCES ON PERFORMANCE AND LIFESTYLES

MSL REVIEW HISTORICAL THEMES.

SOCIAL THINKING (Cognition)

The SOCIOCULTURAL LEVEL OF ANALYSIS

2.2 Questions About Social Change

Culture What is it really?

Sociology HSB 4UI.

Social Change Societies change very rapidly today… changing goods, changing dress, changing ways, changing ideas.

Theoretical Frameworks

Presentation transcript:

Questions and Theories Social Change Questions and Theories

Psychologists: Investigate social problems as they affect the individual. Focus on peoples’ behaviours and attitudes, and work to change both.

Psychologists ask… What must people DO to change their behaviours? What does a successful behaviour modification program look like? (i.e. what kinds of reinforcements, how often, working in teams or alone?) Do people need help or can they change on their own? Research says: Peoples’ attitudes are linked to their behaviours. This is often the key to change: change the attitude, change the behaviours!

Aesop’s fable… a Case Study: The fox and the grapes… A fox sees some high-hanging grapes and wishes to eat them. When the fox is unable to think of a way to reach them, he surmises that the grapes are probably not worth eating, as they must not be ripe or that they are sour.

Cognitive Dissonance The fox is reducing the conflict between his thoughts and his actions, a.k.a. COGNITIVE DISSONANCE. He wants the grapes but can’t have them. So to feel better, he changes his mind about how good the grapes are. He then leaves them alone.

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) Had subjects complete a mundane task for an hour. All subjects were expected to find it boring. Reserchers paid subjects in this way: Some got $0 Some got $1 Some got $20

Results: Who reported the most enjoyment? WHY: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE Those who were paid more (high dissonance) :_______________________________________________ Those who were paid less (low dissonance) Those paid nothing (no dissonance): Cognitive Dissonance is a pressure to change our attitudes or actions.

Sociologists: Social change is defined as: “Any observable difference or modification in social organization or patterns of behaviour over time”. They look at 4 aspects of Social Change: Direction of Change Rate of Change Sources Controllability

4 Aspects of Social Change… 1. Direction of change: Is it a positive or negative change & who says so? 2. Rate of change: Is the degree of change slow, moderate, or fast?

4 Aspects of Social Change… Sources: What factors are behind the influences of change in a society? Are they exogenous (coming from another society) or endogenous (coming from within society itself) influences? 4. Controllability: Many sociologists are interested in the degree to which social change can be controlled or engineered.

Anthropologists Anthropologists regard cultures as constantly changing organisms and see cultural change as being influenced by a limited number of factors. These factors are generally broad and affect all members of a culture.

Anthropologists ASK: They ask: Was a cultural change caused by a change in society’s leadership? 2. Was it caused by a shift in the values and norms of the culture’s members? Is technological change a factor in an observed cultural change? Have changes to the environment resulted in changes to the culture?

3 processes: 1. Invention: Ex. 2. discovery: 3. diffusion:

Invention, discovery, or diffusion?

Conditions Necessary for Social Change Change within society is a natural process that must take place. Some conditions that would justify the need for social change are: hunger, famine, inequality, war and political ideologies, and even the depletion of the environment. Along with there being conditions which make change necessary, there are also forces that inhibit change.

Forces that impact Social Change Charismatic leader that promises change A populace ready for change Role of the elites (when there isn’t ONE leader to take charge, there can be a group of ‘modernizing elites’) Technological advancements Society suffers a major catastrophe or triumph There is a clash of traditions and values Human Rights Codes are violated

Roots of Violence… 1. What are the conditions for social change in this article? 2. Identify the factors that impede social change in this article.

Forces that Impede Social Change Traditional cultural views A distorted world view within society Lack of education & illiteracy Lack of technology A tyrannical ruler or a strong, charismatic leader that imposes their own world view on society A powerful small elite group with established political and economic power Resistance from the people that do not want change to occur

Activity A) Discuss one social change you would welcome. How could this social change be engineered? B) Discuss one possible social change that frightens/bothers you. C) Comment on how this change can be stopped and identify its root causes.