Emancipation and Life During the War

Emancipation Main goal of North was to save the Union Lincoln wanted slavery ended personally, but over time Northerners see slaves as a help to the south Runaways at this point needed to just get to Union territory, no longer Canada

If slavery is ended, Europe is less likely to help the south Lincoln wanted to free the slaves but needed a victory so he didn’t look desperate-- gets Antietam Emancipation Proclamation– freed slaves in southern states, not border states It only really encouraged slaves to run away Congress passes the 13 th Amendment

African Americans Join Up 40% of south were slaves– by end of war ¼ had run to the north South doesn’t use slaves in war except for manual labor or factories

North at first only allows in Navy, later allowed to fight in army 54 th Mass. Regiment and Robert Gould Shaw– movie “Glory” Contraband– freed slaves who join army with little or no training

Lives of Soldiers Boring life– waiting, marching, drilling in all weather, disease Never enough food, supplies Soldiers on each side would sneak off talk, trade w/ each other Better rifles and trench warfare develop, less marching across open fields

Women in the War Women took on new jobs while men off fighting Helped war effort: nurses, made ammo, food, clothing Some were spies or dressed like men to fight Dorthea Dix– nurse that created mental hospitals after the war Clara Barton– nurse that later started American Red Cross

War and the Economy North’s economy improved– factories producing for the war South’s is nearly destroyed– runaway slaves, crops destroyed, blockade Bonds sold in N&S to raise $ for war– leads to inflation

Prisons Both N&S had horrible conditions Disease, over crowded, lack of food, abuse Prisons become own little worlds, trade for needs, gangs in charge Andersonville– worst prison, for Northern prisoners, lived in holes in the ground, dead-line, so big it was 5 th largest city in CSA