1 DIVIDED COUNTRIES

2 Why do people of different races and religions disagree? Not allowed to keep traditional way of life; forced to adopt different set of customs and traditionsNot allowed to keep traditional way of life; forced to adopt different set of customs and traditions Language and education policies which do not consider their interestsLanguage and education policies which do not consider their interests Law has been unfair to themLaw has been unfair to them Fight for control of powerFight for control of power Disagreement on how the country should be ruledDisagreement on how the country should be ruled Job opportunities or economic resourcesJob opportunities or economic resources

3 How do people resolve these disagreements? ToleranceTolerance Peaceful protest & marchesPeaceful protest & marches Hunger strikesHunger strikes Taking up armsTaking up arms

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6 SRI LANKA Racial Differences Sinhalese vs Tamils Conflicts over Citizenship rights Government Jobs University Admission Resettlement of Population NORTHERN IRELAND Religious Differences Protestants vs Catholics Conflicts over Divided Loyalties The Education System Employment Housing Voting

7 SRI LANKA Consequences Armed Conflict Unemployment Loss of Foreign Investment Fall in Tourists Foreign Intervention NORTHERN IRELAND Consequences Peaceful Protests to Violence Unemployment Loss of Foreign Investment Fall in Tourists Foreign Intervention

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to 1948 –British Colony 4 Feb 1948 –Gained independence –Known as Ceylon 22 May 1972 –Officially became known as the Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka SRI LANKA

11 The violence in Sri Lanka

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14 Tamil woman suicide bomber killed 23, wounded 60 Friday 05, July 1996 [Source :

15 Map 2000 SRI LANKANS 3 major races SINHALESETAMILSMOORS

16 SINHALESE SINHALESE SPEAK SINHALA; BUDDHISTS TAMILS TAMILS SPEAK TAMIL; HINDUS Sri Lankan TamilsSri Lankan Tamils Descendants of Tamils who have been living in Sri Lanka for centuriesDescendants of Tamils who have been living in Sri Lanka for centuries Indian TamilsIndian Tamils Descendants of tea plantation workers brought in from India by the BritishDescendants of tea plantation workers brought in from India by the British MOORS MOORS MUSLIMS Descendants of Arab or Indian Muslim tradersDescendants of Arab or Indian Muslim traders

17 Indian Tamils Highland districts – tea plantation Sri Lankan Tamils Jaffna Peninsular (more than 95% of the population) Batticaloa District (more than 70%) Northern and Eastern Districts : Form large minorities Sinhalese Found in large numbers everywhere Except in Jaffna and Batticaloa In some southern districts, they form almost the entire population WHERE DO THEY LIVE?

18 Distribution of different racial groups in Sri Lanka, 1993 Indian Tamils Sri Lankan Tamils

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