MET 10 1 MET 10 Weather and Climate MET 10 Weather and Climate: Lecture 14 Global Climate Dr. Eugene Cordero Fall 2003 San Jose State University Reading: Ch 13: pg Outline:  What is climate?  Factors that influence local climate  Climate game

MET 10 2 MET 10 Weather and Climate Major Circulation Features  Tropics – – –  Midlatitudes – –

MET 10 3 MET 10 Weather and Climate Major Circulation Features  Tropics –SE and NE Trade winds –ITCZ –Subtropical Highs  Midlatitudes –Upper level Westerlies –Midlatitude Cyclones

MET 10 4 MET 10 Weather and Climate Major Winds Systems

MET 10 6 MET 10 Weather and Climate What is climate?  Climate is  Examples of weather vs climate:  Climate is:

MET 10 7 MET 10 Weather and Climate What is climate?  Climate is  Examples of weather vs climate:  Climate is: the average of day to day weather over a long duration –Today the temperature is 68F (weather). –Los Angeles has warm summers (climate).

Annual Surface Temperature

MET 10 9 MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate January Average sea-level Pressure and surface wind pattern

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate July Average sea-level Pressure and surface wind pattern

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate  Seasonal temperature and precipitation patters are generally attributable to:      

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate  Seasonal temperature and precipitation patters are generally attributable to:  Latitude  Mountains and highlands  Pressure and wind systems  Land and water location  Ocean currents  Prevailing wind direction

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Climate controls: Latitude/Mountains  Latitude – –  Mountains – –

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Climate controls: Latitude/Mountains  Latitude – –  Mountains – – Higher latitude climates are generally colder Lower latitudes warmer and more moist Higher altitudes: cooler temperatures Windward side of mountains, cooler and wetter than leeward side

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate: Oceans  Ocean Temperatures –Coasts of continents are affected by ocean temperatures: Generally less temperature extremes compared to interior of continents –Cold oceans: –Warm oceans:

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate: Oceans  Ocean Temperatures –Coasts of continents are affected by ocean temperatures: Generally less temperature extremes compared to interior of continents –Cold oceans: –Warm oceans: generally produce cooler/drier conditions generally produce more warm/humid conditions

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate: Pressure systems  Rising and sinking motion associated with low and high pressure affects climate  Areas where pressure seasonally low, (rising motion) –  Areas where pressure seasonally high, (sinking motion) –

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Controls on Climate: Pressure systems  Rising and sinking motion associated with low and high pressure affects climate  Areas where pressure seasonally low, (rising motion) –  Areas where pressure seasonally high, (sinking motion) – ITCZ: rainy Subtropical high: warm and dry

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate

Three Cell Model

Climate Game Names ___________________________  Match the city with the corresponding climatology by indicating the appropriate letter  °  Sacramento, California (38°N) _____________  Phoenix, Arizona (33°N)_____________  Denver, Colorado (40°N)_____________  Iquitos, Peru (4°S)_____________  °  Mobile, Alabama (30°N)_____________  °  Winnipeg, Canada (50°N)_____________  °  Fairbanks, Alaska (65°N)_____________

MET MET 10 Weather and Climate Activity 6: Due March 20 Explain in 2-4 sentences: 1.What is the predominate direction of the jet stream? 2.Explain why are the trade winds northeasterly in the Northern Hemisphere and southeasterly in the Southern Hemisphere? 3.What is the intertropical convergence zone?