Communism & the beginning of the Cold War 1945-1991.

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Presentation transcript:

Communism & the beginning of the Cold War

Background on communism Founded by Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels in 1848 when they wrote the Communist Manifesto Marx & Engles believed that “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” Marxist/communist view of history: hunter-gatherers  agriculture  feudalism  capitalism  socialism  communism (last stage of history)

Communism (continued) Communism pitted the bourgeoisie (middle class) against the proletariat (working class) Marx & communists argued for greater control of property & money by the state; this would be a precursor to the ultimate goal of communism: a stateless, classless society Communists wanted a complete abolishment of private property eventually

Some things to remember: Since 1848, communism has meant different things to different people If you ask 1000 Christian what Christianity is, you’ll get 1000 different answers; same with communism Usually, Marxism = communism Socialism does not always equal communism

Russian Revolution of 1917 During WWI, the Russian army, economy, & government collapsed Communists led by V.I. Lenin took control of the government, thus establishing the first communist state in the world Lenin had his own version of Marxism, believing a revolutionary party was needed to establish socialism and then communism by force, and to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat

How did this help start the Cold War? Lenin, Stalin, & the USSR did not sit idly by and wait for the proletariat to revolt, as Marx seemed to; instead they promoted & agitated for communist revolution

OPVL Practice: Origin: who? Where? Date? Purpose: why? Is it trying to persuade? Who is the intended audience? Value: what does it say about the author and/or event being described? Limitations: any biases or omissions?

Speech by President Truman, March 12, 1947

Truman Doctrine & Containment Truman Doctrine: U.S. would support Greece & Turkey economically & militarily against communist aggression Containment: U.S. policy “containing” communism where it already exists, but actively intervening in certain cases to stop its spread

Speech by Winston Westminster College in Missouri, March 5, 1946

The “iron curtain” Iron curtain: symbolic term given to the division of Europe between capitalist/democratic areas and communist/Soviet areas

Divided Europe Blue/democratic countries alligned w/ U.S.: Spain, Portugal, France, UK, Belgium, Netherlands, West Germany, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Turkey; Pink/communist countries: East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, USSR Green/non-Soviet communist: Yugoslavia; Gray: Ireland, Switzerland, Austria

Divided Germany & Berlin

Original NATO Members:

HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee

Marshall Plan: Propping up Europe

Korean War breaks out in 1950

The Korean War:

The 1950s Eisenhower administration Consumer culture & economic prosperity The baby boom Rock n Roll Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement

Launch of Sputnik: Oct 1957

American Reaction to Sputnik

Sputnik I

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