CHAPTER 20 SECTION 2 The Republic

Key Terms Maximilien Robespierre Guillotine Counterrevolution Reign of Terror

Factions in the New Government All members of national convention supported the revolution Three political factions First- ____________  Members were Montangnards the most radical  Support came from lower middle class and the poor  Jacobin radical sub group

Factions in the New Government Second-_________  Moderates  Provinces who hated resented influence of Paris mob on the Revolution  Generally supported a _________ ________  Resisted extremes on either side

Factions in the New Government Third called the _____  Swing voters  Supported the ______ then switched to the ________  Groupings had no formal organization  Did not put forth programs or plan ideas

Radical Leaders Jean-Paul Marat- advocate of violence Leader of the Paris ____________ One of the National Convention’s most radical leaders

Radical Leaders Georges-Jacques _____  violent agitator  Popular with the people  Compromiser  Opposed excesses of the Revolution

Maximillien Robespierre Intense dedication to the ___________ Became increasingly radical Led ______ _________ during the most blood thirsty time

Execution of the King National Convention had ________placed on trial __________ were eager to try and execute the king Prevent the return of the monarchy January 21, 1793 Louis placed on the _______

Execution of the King Louis tried to proclaim innocence Young guard held up the dripping _____ for all to see Europeans reacted in horror London Times condemned the _______ and execution as savagery

Tightening Control National Convention tightened hold on France __________________ _____- to manage country’s military Set up a draft of all men between 18 and 45 Court of ________ ______- rule out people who threatened Revolution

Transforming Society Leaders of new government wanted to erase the past Including religion Many ______ members lost their positions Paris local governments closed ______

Transforming Society Robespierre created the cult of the _______ ______ to replace Catholicism Enthusiasm for the revolution was object of worship Title of Bibles changed to “_________________ __________”

Transforming Society Metric system replaced old _____ and ______ system Months were renamed Each month had 3 ten day weeks Revolutionary calendar fell out of use _______ ______is the only thing that is still used

Reign of Terror Great Britain, _____, Spain, Austria, ______ formed a coalition for war Took drastic measures to prevent a ___________ Reign of Terror- ________ began a series of trials and executions

Outbreak of Civil War Resistance to revolution was in the countryside After peasants had feudal dues removed, they wanted to remain _________.

Outbreak of Civil War When draft was instituted by the National Convention, peasants hatred erupted Vendee’ resistance led to ______ _____. Catholic and ____ _____fought government forces Government gained control and destroyed everything and everyone they could

Accusations and Trials Mountain in Paris eliminated any resistance __________ declared the need to use terror to defend the public from enemies Revolutionary Tribunal started its campaign with the Girondists

Accusations and Trials Anyone who criticized revolution or connected to the Old Order were in danger The accused had few rights Some were forbidden to defend themselves

Death by Guillotine Most common sentence was _____ Death was quick Condemned rode in open ___ and were paraded through the streets Sometimes people would cheer or jeer them

Death by Guillotine Mobs watched the executions Women would knit while watching executions Could execute more than one person per ______ Residents complained about the ______ in the cities drainage ditches

The Terror’s Victims Did not spare particular class, occupation, or gender ________ and __________ were the largest group executed Marie Antoinette was one of the earliest victims

The Terror’s Victims ____________ who wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was executed Nuns who refused to close their convents ______ himself was executed His head and 100 supporters were killed

Terror’s Victims 10 months- 300,000 people were ______ 17,000 were _______ Widespread violence shocked the French Increased foreign opposition to the Revolution Actions to protect revolution actually weakened it

After the Terror 1795 National Convention wrote another _________ Restricted voting rights to men who own ________ Governing board called the __________ was formed Made up of five men. They weren’t an effective government and were corrupt. Became like Old Order again

After the Terror Passed some financial reforms Not a effective government Directors were weak and corrupt Rule shared many characteristics of the Old Order Result was a power vacuum