Money Supply Process. We have learnt the concepts and measurement of money. While there are several monetary aggregates, we will focus on the narrowest.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 18: Money Supply & Money Demand
Advertisements

Federal Reserve Money Creation. Lets turn to an example of Fed action that starts the process going. Here again we assume no currency. In the example.
Macro Chapter 13 Presentation 1. Fractional Reserve System US Banking System Only a portion (fraction) of checkable deposits need to be held as cash in.
Multiple Deposit Expansion and the Federal Reserve
Chapter 17 The Money Supply Process.
1 CHAPTER 16: DETERMINANTS OF THE MS. 2 In Ch 15, we developed a simple model of multiple deposit creation which showed that the Fed can influence the.
Tools of Monetary Policy Copyright 2014 Diane S. Docking1.
Chapter 17. Money Supply Process Fed Balance Sheet Fed and the Monetary Base Deposit Creation The money multiplier Fed Balance Sheet Fed and the Monetary.
Chapter 15 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process.
Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process
The Business of Banking and the Money Supply Process Banking and Money Supply.
Chapter 16 Determinants of the Money Supply. © 2004 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved 16-2 Deriving a model of the money supply process Because.
Chapter 16 Determinants of the Money Supply. Copyright © 2001 Addison Wesley Longman TM Money Multiplier M = m  MB Deriving Money Multiplier R.
Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve
The Asset Market, Money, and Prices
Chapter 20 The Fed, Depository Institutions, and the Money Supply Process Copyright ©2006 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights.
Chapter 15. Money Supply Process
Chapter 16. Determinants of the Money Supply
Determinants of the Money Supply
Answers to Review Questions  1.Briefly explain why the Fed does not have precise control over the money supply.  The Fed does not have precise control.
Chapter 13 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process 1 Dr. Reyadh Faras.
ทฤษฎีและนโยบาย การเงิน Monetary Theory and Policy Money Supply Process Reference: Money, the Financial System, and the Economy ( R. Glenn Hubbard )
Multiple Deposit Expansion AP Economics Coach Knight.
CHAPTER 15 “MONEY SUPPLY PROCESS”
Chapter 21 Money and Central Banking Introduction to Economics (Combined Version) 5th Edition.
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 17-1 The Money Supply Process.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 17 The Central Bank Balance Sheet and the Money Supply.
Chapter 15 Money supply Process.
Copyright  2011 Pearson Canada Inc Chapter 16 The Money Supply Process.
Review of the Previous Lecture Residential Investment Inventory Investment –Seasonal Fluctuations and Production Smoothing –Accelerator Model of Inventories.
Fractional Reserve Banking How Banks “Create” Money.
Macroeconomics fifth edition N. Gregory Mankiw PowerPoint ® Slides by Ron Cronovich macro © 2004 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved CHAPTER EIGHTEEN.
Review of the previous lecture Society faces a short-run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. If policymakers expand aggregate demand, they can.
Chapter Sixteen Monetary Control. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.16 | 2 The Fed does not control the money supply directly,
Alomar_111_MCP1 Money Creation Process. Alomar_111_MCP2 A person opens a checking account at bank (A) with (KD100) in cash. This rises the liability of.
Chapter 15 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process.
Chapter 13 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process.
5-1 Lecture 5 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Chapter 15 pages and Chapter 16 pages
Chapter 18 The Fed, Depository Institutions, and the Money Supply Process ©2000 South-Western College Publishing.
Lecture 27: Money multiplier
Chapter 17 The Money Supply Process. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.14-2 Preview This chapter provides an overview of how commercial.
Money and Monetary Institutions Chapter 20
Financial Markets Chapter 4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved The Demand for Money Suppose the financial markets include only.
© 2008 Pearson Education Canada15.1 Chapter 15 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process.
Chapter 13 Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process 1.
Chapter 15: The Money Supply Process and the Money Multipliers.
How does a change in money supply affect the economy? Relevant reading: Ch 13 Monetary policy.
THE MONEY MULTIPLIER The money multiplier shows us the impact of a change in demand deposits on loans and eventually the money supply. The money multiplier.
VELOCITY >>>> SPEED SPeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeD (HOW FAST?)
Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 17-1.
Chapter 11 The central bank, Depository Institutions, and the Money Supply Process.
Money multiplier.
Multiple Deposit Creation: A Simple Model
The Money Supply Chapter 9. 2 ©1999 South-Western College Publishing Table 9.1A The Creation of Money by a Commercial Bank (Panel A) Commercial bank balance.
Determinants of the Money Supply: The Money Multiplier
T-Account Notable Scenarios Bank makes new loans. Customer deposits cash into checking. Fed buys bonds from bank (bank’s t-account). Open market purchases.
Macro Review Day 3. The Multiplier Model 28 The Multiplier Equation Multiplier equation is an equation that tells us that income equals the multiplier.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Money and Banking Lecture 34.
mankiw's macroeconomics modules
Defining the Money Supply
Chapter 17 The Money Supply Process
Money and Banking Lecture 35.
# 2. CHAPTER 18 Money Supply and Money Demand
The Money Supply Process
The Central Bank Balance Sheet and the Money Supply Process
Determinants of the Money Supply
Chapter 17 The Money Supply Process
Excess Reserves – those reserves held by a bank that exceed the level of reserves required by the FED. In our simplified model: Banks lend out all excess.
Multiple Deposit Creation and the Money Supply Process
Presentation transcript:

Money Supply Process

We have learnt the concepts and measurement of money. While there are several monetary aggregates, we will focus on the narrowest definition of money, i.e. M1, consisting of Currency + Deposits. Money is held (Money demand) to facilitate transactions and as a part of asset portfolio. Thus, the holding of money depends crucially on the volume of transactions (normally measured by GDP) and the cost of holding money relative to other assets (normally represented by an interest rate). Other variables might affect monetary holding as well.

M/P = L(Y, r, X) L y = income elasticity of money demand L r = interest rate elasticity of money demand [X is other variables that can affect monetary holding]

To complete the money market model, we need to understand the money supply process. Simplifications - Money = Currency + Deposits - Bank holds no EXCESS reserve (will modify this later) - Economic agents hold money only in the form of deposits (will modify this later) - There is only one bank in the economy. (can be viewed as consolidation of all banks).

We first use the simple T-account to illustrate the money supply process and how monetary instruments can affect the stock of money supply. Monetary Instruments: - Open market operations - Discount Rate - Required Reserve Ratio (assumed to be 10%) Definition: Monetary Base = Reserve + Currency Money Supply = Deposit + Currency (For the moment: we assume currency = 0) Question: How is money supply related to monetary base.

Initial Balance Sheet Money Supply = 2,000 Open Market Purchases Suppose that the government purchases the government securities from the banking system worth a total of RM200 million. Reserves in banking system increase. Money supply remains at 2,000

At this point, the banking system fi nds itself having an excess reserve of RM200 million. Since the banking system does not keep the excess reserve, it is lent out to say Mr or Corporation A, who deposits the loans obtained in the banking system. This will increase total deposits to RM2,200, the initial deposits of RM2 billion and the new deposits of RM200 million. With the extension of loans, the loans in the banking system increases to RM1.5 billion. Since money is deposited back in the bank, reserves in the banking system remains at RM400 million. Bank Balance sheet would be……

A simple fact from Figure 3.3 is that, through the lending of RM200, money supply increases to RM2,200. Simply stated, money supply is created through lending. It should be noted that the creation of money does not stop here since the banking system still have the excess reserve at hand. Money Supply = 2,200

At this point, no further lending can be made. Money Supply = 4,000 Note: with the initial increase of reserve by 200, money supply increases by 2,000. Question restated: how is money supply related to reserve (monetary base)?

M = m × B M is Money Supply m is money multiplier B is monetary base Given our assumption of no currency, we can restate the above as: D = m × R The simple money multiplier can be show to be equal 1/rr, where rr is the required reserve ratio. Thus, we have: D = (1/rr) × R

Let relax the assumptions of no excess reserve and no currency. Denote ER/D the excess reserve to deposit ratio and C/D is currency to deposit ratio. Total Reserve = Excess Reserve + Required Reserve From M = m × B, we have: m = M/B This can be expanded to: m = (D + C)/(ER + RR + C) Divide the numerator and denominator by D, we have m = (1 + cd)/(er + rr + cd)

M = (1 + cd)/(er + rr + cd)  B What does this money supply process tell us? The Central Bank does not have complete control over the stock of money supply. Three economic agents determine the level of money supply in the economy. They are: Central Bank (through rr and B), Bank (through er) and the public (through cd). Still, it is safe to state that the Central Bank can control the level of money supply through its monetary instruments to a certain degree.