CHAPTER 13 – THE MIDDLE AGES CHAPTER 14 – THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE
CORE OBJECTIVE: Describe the political structures and systems that changed Europe during the Middle Ages and the Formation of Western Europe Objective 6.6: Describe the impact of the Hundred Years’ War and the Plague THEME: Europe will become fragmented during its decline after the fall of Rome and new cultures will emerge.
SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Church Reform and the Crusades Changes in Medieval Society England and France Develop The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
In the 1300s, Europe was torn apart by religious strife, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years’ War.
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Origins and Impact of the Plague In 1300s, Europe suffers bubonic plague — extremely deadly disease Begins in Asia; spreads to Italy and other countries over trade routes One-third of Europe’s population dies Effects of the Plague Town populations fall, trade declines, prices rise Some serfs leave manors for paying work Many Jews blamed and killed; Church suffers weakened stature
If the Bubonic Plague happened in America today the death total would be over 100 million! Coroner’s Report: pics/siege-of- orleans/videos/coroners- report- plague?m=528e394da93 ae&s=undefined&f=1&fre e=false
The Longbow Changes Warfare In 1346, English army with longbows beats much larger French army The English win other victories with longbows in 1356 and 1415 Victory of longbows signals end of reliance on knights England and France Hundred Years’ War — lasts from 1337–1453, between England and France English king Edward III claims French throne
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The English longbow helps them win 3 major battles: Crecy (1346) Poitiers (1356) Agincourt (1415) Agincourt with Lego’s! /watch?v=X8LZ5o39KkQ /watch?v=X8LZ5o39KkQ
French peasant girl who believes in visions of saints English king Henry V was set to become King of France She leads French army to victory at Orléans (1429); o French army retreated, her charge led French to victory o Charles VII crowned king In 1430 England’s allies, the Burgundians, capture Joan in battle The English Church condemns Joan as a witch On May 30, 1431, she is burned at the stake Charles VII does nothing to save her Short Bio:
Hundred Years’ War ends in 1453; France wins 100 Years’ War marks the end of medieval society France and England experience major changes rise in nationalistic feelings; king becomes national leader power and prestige of French monarch increases religious devotion and the code of chivalry crumbles
What was the major cause of the Great Schism? A. The morality of the Crusades B. Kings wanting appoint Bishops in their lands C. Arguments about who was in charge of the Holy Roman Empire D. Arguments about which man holding the position of Pope was the true Pope The most effective fighters at the battles of Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt during the Hundred Year’s War were the A. Knights on horseback B. French soldiers with crossbows C. The English Trebuchet D. English longbowmen
What was the major cause of the Great Schism? A. The morality of the Crusades B. Kings wanting appoint Bishops in their lands C. Arguments about who was in charge of the Holy Roman Empire D. Arguments about which man holding the position of Pope was the true Pope The most effective fighters at the battles of Crecy, Poitiers, and Agincourt during the Hundred Year’s War were the A. Knights on horseback B. French soldiers with crossbows C. The English Trebuchet D. English longbowmen