Nutrient and Sulfide Export From a Mine Drainage Passive Treatment System S.A. Yepez & R.W. Nairn 29 th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining.

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Presentation transcript:

Nutrient and Sulfide Export From a Mine Drainage Passive Treatment System S.A. Yepez & R.W. Nairn 29 th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation June 13, 2012

Results Methods Introduction Conclusions

Introduction

Mine drainage – water and oxygen react with rock in mine void Elevated metals and sulfate Passive treatment system (PTS)

Nuisance Constituents Additional impacts – not typically monitored “Nuisance constituents” – potentially harmful concentrations of non-target contaminants Nutrient and sulfide export

Nuisance Constituent Impacts Nutrients, sulfide degrade water quality Eutrophication leads to algal blooms Algal senescence can impact treatment MRPTS polishing wetland, 02/2009

Literature Review Potential for nuisance constituent export from vertical flow bioreactors Export/removal varies with treatment process

Research Objective Determine nuisance constituent (nutrient and sulfide) inputs and outputs of each cell of a PTS Hypothesis: nuisance constituents seasonally exported by PTS

Methods

Study Site: Mayer Ranch Passive Treatment System (MRPTS) OX SF VF RA LB PW Photo taken 09/2011

Nuisance Constituent Analysis Sampling: Fall 2010-Summer 2011 Major species of N and P, total sulfide, metals Mass balance to determine export Plotted for seasonality Algal study of polishing wetland

Results

Target Contaminant Removal Sampling site Loading rate (g/d) As*Cd*FePb*Zn Seep A , ,090 Seep B , ,180 Seep D , Total inflow , ,770 Outflow System removal , ,690 *Effluent concentrations below detection limit; 1/2 value of practical quantification limit used for mass balance calculations

Nuisance Constituent Status ConstituentSystem Effluent (mg/L)Effluent Criteria (mg/L)Source Total Nitrogen0.30—1.01 ± (lakes), 0.69 (streams) EPA, 2000 Total Phosphorus0.03—0.59 ± (lakes), (streams) EPA, 2000 Total Sulfide<0.5—3.4 (about 40% H 2 S)0.002 as H 2 SEPA, 1986

Nutrient Export TP (g/d) TN (g/d) FallSpringSummerFallSpringSummer Influent1,1801,8901, OX export-1,160-1,830-1, SF export VF export RA export LB export PW export Effluent Net export-1,160-1,

Total Nitrogen

Total Phosphorus

Seasonal Removal Seasonal Export Removal Seasonal Export Nitrogen Processes - MRPTS

Phosphorus Processes - MRPTS Removal Export Removal Seasonal Removal Removal

Polishing Wetland Eutrophication N:P ratio 1.15:1 Blue-green algae dominated Genera Lyngbya, Anabaena Dominant diatom genera: Nitzschia, Navicula

Potential Treatment Impacts BGA not widely grazed by zooplankton Algal senescence impedes re-aeration Some Anabaena are N 2 -fixers Anabaena produce neurotoxins, hepatoxins, foul odors

Total Sulfide Export Total Sulfide (g/d) FallSpringSummer Influent * OX export--- SF export--- VF export1,4601,6706,020 RA export-1,380-1,620-2,430 LB export PW export--- -5,860 Effluent--- 1,000 Net exportappx *Influent BDL; ½ detection limit used for mass balance

Total Sulfide

Sulfide Processes - MRPTS Export Removal Seasonal Removal N/A

Conclusions

Nuisance Constituent Export All constituents exported by at least one treatment process All constituents demonstrated seasonality Hypothesis supported

Future Studies Nuisance constituent processes within cells Changes in nuisance constituent concentrations over system lifetime Nuisance constituent mitigation in PTS design

Acknowledgments Funding: American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Grand River Dam Authority, University of Oklahoma Center for Restoration of Ecosystems and Watersheds: B. Furneaux, J. LaBar, L. Oxenford Grand River Dam Authority: R. Simmons, S. Ziara Oklahoma Biological Survey: L. Bergey, N. Desianti University of Oklahoma Biological Station: K. D. Hambright, K. Glenn, T. Ward Local Environment Action Demanded: Rebecca Jim

Literature Cited U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Ambient water quality recommendations: information supporting the development of state and tribal nutrient criteria, rivers and streams in Nutrient Ecoregion IX. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. EPA 822-B /2007_09_27_criteria_nutrient_ecoregions_rivers_rivers_9.pdf /2007_09_27_criteria_nutrient_ecoregions_rivers_rivers_9.pdf U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Quality criteria for water: EPA 440/ _01_13_criteria_goldbook.pdf 09_01_13_criteria_goldbook.pdf U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protection of Environment: Secondary Treatment Regulation. 40 CFR

Questions?