CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY College of Education DPE/CPE Program Language and Writing DPE 101 Presented by Elisa L. Magnase

Language: Definitions Beals & Hoijer: A way of speaking distinct in every culture. Keesing: Is a vocal symbolism of speech , with its related bodily gesture and mechanical signals which give precision and finesse to communication. Random House College Dictionary: A body of words and systems for their use common to a people of the same community or nation.

Characteristics of Language A socially learned behavior, a means of communication between people and one's environment Is a systematic and has patterned structure in all levels Has arbitrary word order - subject , predicate and subject Very complex and has large vocabularies of 100,000 words or more. Has dual property of sound and meaning Certain and recursive, adapted to fit new experiences, thoughts and situations.

Elements of Language Phonology This is the system consisting of sounds in human speech conveying significant meanings Grammar This is the study of the formal features of a language , as the sounds , morphemes, words and sentences according to definite rules so that a complete thought is expressed. Vocabulary The stock of words used by or known to a particular person with the important meanings.

Functions of Language 1. Instrumental: The way an individual satisfies the need by asking for something (May I take your pen?). 2. Regulatory: Controlling another's behaviour (e.g. teacher asks the student "sit quiet, please"). 3. Interactional: Used for maintaining interpersonal (e.g. wishing a friend a happy birthday). 4. Personal: Where one talks about oneself (e.g. I am feeling very depressed today) 5. Heuristic: To find out about the world in general (e.g. Is there any drug to cure AIDS?) 6. Imaginative: Where one talks about one's imagination (e.g. write an essay on the topic "You are on the clouds"). 7. Informational: To seek and give varied types of information (e.g. What is the current rate of population growth in over country?

WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING

WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING WRITING Definition: Writing is a medium of communication that represents language through the inscription of signs and symbols. In most languages, writing is a complement to speech or spoken language Writing is not a language but a form of technology. Within a language system, writing relies on many of the same structures as speech, such as vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added dependency of a system of signs or symbols, usually in the form of a formal alphabet.

Development of Writing

Development of Writing Picture Writing Hieroglyphics Cuneiform Logographic writing Ideographic writing Phonetic writing Aphabet writing

Development of Writing Picture writing or pictographs or pictograms this is the earliestform of writing. inscribing lines and pictures representing objects or ideas written mostly on surfaces of walls and cave dwellings modern uses road signs laundry clothing tags chemical hazards symbols computer icons

Development of Writing Hieroglyphics were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements.

Development of Writing Cuneiform . is one of the earliest known systems of writing, distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. The name cuneiform itself simply means "wedge shaped", from the Latin cuneus "wedge" and forma "shape,"

Development of Writing Logographic Writing . this pertains to using logograms - a conventional, abbreviated symbol for a frequently used word or phrase. Originated in China and Maya. Logograms are used in modern shorthand to represent common words. In addition, the numerals and mathematical symbols used in alphabetic systems are logograms—1 one, 2 two, + plus, = equals, and so on. In English, the ampersand & is used for and and et (such as &c for et cetera), % for percent, # for number, § for section, $ for dollar, € for euro, £ for pound, ° for degree, @ for at, etc Modern examples include for example the logograms for "Ladies" and "Gents", "telephone", and "wheelchair access", which can be understood without any knowledge of the spoken language,

Development of Writing Ideographic Writing . is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept. Some ideograms are comprehensible only by familiarity with prior convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and thus may also be referred to as pictograms

Development of Writing Phonetic Writing writings assigns a symbol for phonetic sound called phonogram or phonograph. originated in Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Babylonia (Iran). the Japanese still use syllabic writing of 65 characters

Development of Writing Alphabet writing system probably developed about 1800 B.C. became the basis of the Greek and Latin alphabets and eventually used by European countries

Mechanical Aids to Writing Papyrus Palm leaf manuscript (India) Amate(Mesoamerica) Paper Ostracon Wax tablets Clay tablets Birch bank document Parchment stylus tablet and roll lead, brass and gold stone tablet bamboo slats, wax tablets, vellum, parchment paper, copperplate styluses, quills, ink brushes pencils, pens knotted cords known as quipu

Mechanical Aids to Writing

Mechanical Aids to Writing

Functions and Importance of Writing Over the years, writing is an essential means for long distance communication Importance recording & preservation of important info. materials important to system of education, research and worlds events & culture.

Relationship between Language and Writing Speech Prerequisite Information Transfer Representation Decoding Language Comprehension Written and spoken language rely on the same basic grammar, vocabulary and syntax. Spoken language does not always strictly follow the rules of written grammar, syntax and style, since people cannot revise what they say and often change subjects, add "buts" and "ums" and repeat themselves. However, ideal spoken language has many of the same similarities as ideal written language.

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