The Sun
Aton, Apollo, Helios, and Sol “life giving gods”
Fusion! Hydrogen into helium Ball of gas Enormous mass
109 Earth’s lined up to span the Sun’s surface! *Med sized Med- hot Mid life
Sun’s Layers Core- 7% of volume – 15 mill degrees! “Engine room” of the Sun *Photosphere- visible surface Hot, thin layer 250 miles thick Cooled to 11,000 degrees
Sun’s Layers Chromosphere - “color ball” Only visible during a solar eclipse *Corona - suns outer atmosphere Only visible during a solar eclipse 2 mill degrees X-rays Jagged white halo
Chromosphere
Corona
Features of the Sun
Sunspots Dark spots on the sun; cool blotches 3,600 degrees First recorded in 800 B.C. in China Size of the EARTH ! Appear in groups of two or more
Sunspots 11 year cycle Rotate around the sun
Solar Flares Violent explosions of light, gases, radiation and other materials Can release enough energy to sustain the world for 100,000 years! Short lived; come and go
Prominences Fiery arches of ionized gases Last for weeks/months Supported/twisted by magnetic fields near sunspots
Effect on the Earth Flare gamma rays, X rays, and UV rays can reach the Earth in 8 min Particles take hours/days Our magnetic field and atmosphere protect us
Auroras Often occur 2 days after solar flare activity
Solar flare activity can affect compasses Surges in phone lines and blackouts!
In 1979 US Skylab was destroyed upon entry back into the atmosphere
Solar Wind Closely monitored Average wind speed of 1 mill miles per second! Stream of electrically charged particles continually flowing from the sun Faster, thinner, and hotter than any wind on Earth!
Tend to occur during high solar flare and sunspot activity Originates from holes in the corona
Future of the Sun The sun is growing hotter and brighter as H is consumed
5 billion years from now The Sun will turn into a Red giant
And then consume mercury
The sun… Will pulsate Will throw off layers The hot core will remain and then eventually cool off and slowly…fade…away…