Chapter 1: Plants and Their Parts Aim: What are Plant characteristics?

Plant Characteristics Plants have leaves, branches, stems or trunks, roots Cells contain chlorophyll Aids in making food Makes plants green Cells work together to keep the plant alive Plants are made up of different kinds of cells

Each cell has a different job to keep the plant alive Example: Cells in stems, branches, and roots form tubes through which the food and water are transported through the plant Groups of cells are organized into tissues Example: “strings” in celery All plants have a cell wall

Aim: What are the parts of the plant cell?

Parts of Plant Cell Cell wall Rigid structure surrounding the plant cell Provides support and protection 2. Cell Membrane Holds the cell together 3. Chloroplast Contains chlorophyll

Stores food, water and wastes 5. Mitochondrion Gives the cell energy 4. Vacuole Stores food, water and wastes 5. Mitochondrion Gives the cell energy 6. Nucleus Cell control center Directs everything the cell does

Aim: What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?

Classification of Plants Plants are classified based on characteristics Two Major Groups: Vascular Plants Tubes transport water and food Tubes are called vascular tissue Examples: Trees Ferns

2. Nonvascular Plants do not have tubes Examples: Mosses liverworts

Aim: What are the divisions of the Plant Kingdom?

The smaller the group, the more closely related the plants. The larger the group, the least alike they are. Vascular Plants Divided into two divisions Seedless Vascular Plant Examples: horsetails, ferns Seed Plants Examples: conifers, flowering plants

Aim: Why are animals different from plants?

Animals Cannot make their own food Can move from one place to another All animals are grouped in the Animal Kingdom Two Major Groups: (Phylum) Invertebrates Don’t have backbones Vertebrates Have backbones There are classes within each group

Classes Fish Sponges Birds Flatworms Reptiles Sea Anemones Amphibians Invertebrates Vertebrates Fish Birds Reptiles Amphibians Mammals Sponges Flatworms Sea Anemones Crustaceans

Animal Cell Has some of the same parts of a plant cell Vacuole Mitochondrion Nucleus Cell Membrane Does not have a cell wall Does not have chloroplast and chlorophyll

Aim: What are the other kingdoms of living things?

Fungus Kingdom May be one-celled or many celled Doesn’t make food like plants Doesn’t eat food like animals Absorbs food from dead organisms and environmental wastes Grows in damp places

3 Groups of Fungi Yeasts, morels, mildews Molds Mushrooms, smuts, rusts

Uses of Fungi Some have great flavors Some contain chemicals to help fight diseases Help bread to rise yeast Fungi in soil break down decaying plants and animals

Dangers of Some Fungi Some are poisonous Can cause athlete’s foot Spoil food Coat bathroom tiles and walls with smelly black or white fuzz mold

Protist Kingdom Some microscopic Some single-celled Most live in water and others on land Some search for food Some contain chlorophyll and make their own food Example: algae

All have nucleus, surrounded by a membrane 5 groups of Protists Slime molds Diatoms Dinoflagellates Green algae Euglenas

Bacteria Kingdom Single-celled organisms with no nucleus Microscopic Some cause disease Some are needed for animals and plants to survive Some group together in clusters

2 kingdomsof Bacteria Ancient Bacteria One kind lives in cows to help digest the grass True Bacteria Some cause disease Strep throat pneumonia Some found in spoiled food

Aim: How do roots, stems and leaves help plants survive? Point of view writing; pick part of plant; need to include 3 facts about part; function; 2 paragraphs

Roots Some roots are food Beets, carrots, sweet potatoes Anchor plant to ground Some plants have root-like structures to anchor them (mosses) Draw up water and minerals from soil Store food

Stems Support leaves and flowers Help leaves receive sun Hold transportation system Phloem-moves food from leaves to other parts Xylem-moves water and minerals from roots Cambium-separates phloem and xylem

Leaves Come in all shapes and sizes Makes food Cells contain chloroplasts Need sunlight, water, minerals and CO2 to make food Some leaves protect the plant Spines on cactus Store food Help roots take in water- transpiration

Aim: What are the parts of plant roots?

Parts of the Root Xylem: Tissue through which water and minerals flow up through the plant Cortex: Stores food Located just inside the Epidermis Epidermis Outermost layer of a root, stem or leaf

4. Root Cap: Protects the root tip as it grows in the soil 5. Root Hairs: Threadlike particles on the surface of root Water and minerals enter through the hairs 6. Cambium: Separates the xylem from phloem new xylem and phloem grow 7. Phloem: Tissue which transports food from leaves to plant

Aim: How do stems differ?

Some are soft and delicate Some are hard and tough Woody stems covered by bark Some stems store food for the plant Example: potato Cactus stem stores water Some stems help make the plant’s food Example: asparagus Strawberry stems grow along the ground

Aim: What are the parts of the leaf?

Parts of a Leaf Epidermis: outermost layer of the leaf Cuticle: secreted by the epidermis Keeps water from leaving the plant Chloroplasts: green food factories Stomata: tiny pores in which air enters Guard Cells: open and close each stomata

Aim: What is the difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

Photosynthesis Plants use light energy to make food Sunlight strikes the leaf and chlorophyll helps the plant make its food Chloroplasts have CO2 and water which change into sugar and oxygen, with the help of the sunlight The sugar is transported through the veins to other parts of the plants

Animals need oxygen to breath Plants need the CO2 released by animals Respiration Animals need oxygen to breath Plants need the CO2 released by animals Plants and animals use oxygen to break down sugar to produce energy, water, and CO2 Rest of chapter did workbook pages. Skipped pg A26, A38