Reforming the Industrial World Chapter 9, Section 4

Marxism: Radical Socialism The Communist Manifesto (1848) Bourgeoisie and proletariat Predicted that workers would overthrow the owners

The Future According to Marx Capitalism would eventually destroy itself Factories would drive small artisans our of business Large proletariat would revolt and seize factories “dictatorship of the proletariat” Classless society (pure communism)

The Communist Manifesto (1848) 1848 & 1849 – widespread revolt throughout Europe 1900s – Marxism inspired revolutionaries Lenin (Russia), Mao Zedong (China), Fidel Castro (Cuba)

How was Marx Wrong? Religion, nationalism, ethnic loyalties and desire for democratic reform The gap between the rich and the poor did not widen as predicted

Labor Unions & Reform Laws Long hours, dirty and dangerous working conditions, and threat of being laid off Unions were volunteer labor associations that engaged in collective bargaining for better conditions and higher pay Strike or refuse to work if factory owners refused union demands

How it started… Skilled workers led the way In the beginning unions helped the lower middle class more than the poor Slow to grow because governments saw unions as a threat to social order and stability Combination Acts of 1799 & 1800 outlawed unions (parliament repealed in 1824

British and American Unions Raising wages and improved working conditions 1875 – won the right to strike and picket peacefully Built up a membership of 1 million people Early 1800s – beginning of skilled worker membership in unions 1886 – American Federation of Labor (AFL) AFL strikes = higher wages and shorter hours

Reform Laws Timeline Read pg 304 – 305 “Labor Unions and Reform Laws” and create a timeline in your notes Include: date, name of act, significance

The Abolition of Slavery William Wilberforce led the fight to end slavery in the British Empire 1807 – Parliament passes bill to end slavery in British West Indies 1833 – completely abolished slavery in British Empire

Reasons to Abolish Slavery in British Empire Reasons for ending slavery: Morally against slavery Slave labor was an economic threat Cheap labor instead of slave labor

Slavery in the United States Early 1800s – movement to end slavery and fulfill promise of Declaration of Independence 1865 – Union wins the Civil war and slavery ends 1873 – slavery ends in Puerto Rico 1886 – Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba 1888 – slavery ends in Brazil

Fight for Women’s Rights Industrialization is a mixed blessing for women Women factory workers made more money than women that stayed at home Women factory workers made 1/3 as much as men

Reasons for Women’s Rights Reform Movements Began as early as 1848 in the United States 1888 - International Council for Women Women formed trade unions where they were dominated Women ran settlement houses – community centers that served poor residents of slum neighborhoods

Why might women abolitionists have headed the movement for women’s rights?

Reforms Spread to Many Areas of Life Public education and the prison system ranked among the highest on the list of reforms By 1850s many states were starting public school systems Late 1800s most of Western Europe offered free public schooling

Horace Mann “If we do not prepare children to become good citizens…if we do not enrich their minds with knowledge, then our republic must go down to destruction.”

Reforms Spread (continued) 1831 – Alexis de Tocqueville contrasted brutal prison conditions in America with “extended liberty” of American Society